2 thoughts on “What are crystal gems”

  1. Types of gemstones are mostly single mineral crystals. Those with transparent are processed into aspect. Those who are transparent to opaque are often processed into plain jewelry. The latter has some starlight and cat eye effects. Diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds, and golden green cat eyes are the five precious gems recognized by the world. They have value preservation and collection value. 1. Diamond mineral named diamond is the hardest material in nature. It is known as the "king of gems". It is better for colorless transparency. The colorless and slightly blue person is called "water and fire diamond" the highest value. Pink, blue, green, golden and other colors are rare as treasures. Produced in South Africa, Australia, Russia, Liaoning, Shandong and other places in my country. The world's largest gem Vajrayana is produced in South Africa, weighing 3106 carats. Our national treasure "Changlin Diamond" is produced in Shandong and weighs 158.786 carats. 2. Ruby mineral name is a precious gem behind diamonds, with hardness 9, second only to diamonds. Produced in Southeast Asian countries such as Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka. Myanmar is the premier high -quality ruby ​​origin in the world. It is the best in "pigeon blood red", which is pomegranate red and rose red. Ruby is a birthday stone in July. It symbolizes enthusiasm and noble morals. It has been loved by the world for thousands of years. 3. Sapphire mineral ingredients are the same as Ruby, so they are called "sisters gem". The broad sapphire includes all kinds of gem -grade gems other than red, and the quality of the chrysanthemums of Kashmir Yaru is the best quality. For the past, high -quality sapphires are mainly produced in Myanmar and Sri Lanka. It is better to use the bright blue color tone. It is secondary. For September Birth of the Shi Shi. 4. A kind of emerald is a kind of green pillar mineral. Because of the special crystal "emerald green", it is known as the "king of green gemstones". It is said that its green beauty, any green is not worthy. It is better to use emerald green, and high -quality green emeralds are produced in Colombia. 5. Golden green cat eye mineral named gold emerald, hardness of 8.5, second only to diamonds and rubies. It has green yellow, honey yellow, yellow brown and other colors. It is produced in Sri Lanka with dark honey yellow. When the color -changing effect is called the stone (Alexander), it is green under the sun, and it is red under the incandescent lamp, and it is also a precious gem. 6. Opal mineral named meimatram stone, with magnificent and dazzling colorful changes. The colorful, bright, red -changing and uniform five -color variant color is better. Black Opal is the best, Bai Opal and Fireo are secondary; produced in Australia. 7. Sea blue gemstones are a type of green pillar mineral. It has sea water blue. Those with strong colors are better. Produced in Xinjiang, Yunnan and other provinces (autonomous regions). 8. The spinel is also known as the big rubber, which is often red, blue and other colors, and the red near the ruby ​​is more precious. The red tsolta stone is easy to mix with the ruby. A red spikes, known as the "Black Prince Ruby", were inlaid on the Crown of the Kings in 1660 and were not known until the 20th century. High -quality spinel is produced in Myanmar. 9. Olives are named after olive green. They are the best like emerald -like people. They are strong green and yellow -green. They are born in August, produced in Hebei, Jilin. 10. Topa stone mineral named yellow jade, hardness 8, more color, the most precious and most precious person with wine yellow and red. The common blue yellow jade in the store is made of artificial changes, but it is quite green. It is born in November, produced in Xinjiang, Yunnan and other places. 11. Purple toothwur is a garnet mineral mineral. Due to the chemical components of this family, there are many varieties and colors. It is best to use emeralds and blood -red magnesium -red magnesium and aluminum gomegings like emerald. 12. Moonstone is a long stone mineral. Its light blue halo is quite like the moonlight of the autumn night, hence the name. High -quality moonstone is produced in Myanmar. Its fainting is pale blue, golden, silver and other colors. It is best for pale blue and golden yellow. If the cat's eye effect and the "pupil", the value is doubled, and it is a popular gem variety. Some scholars believe that the well -known "He's Wall" is moonstone. 13. Pearl is known as "Gem Queen". For the secretions of pearl mussels, minerals have become grammar. Divided into two categories: natural beads and breeding beads, with large and round pearls and beautiful beauty. Sea water breeding beads in Hepu, Guangxi, my country, are well -known in the world. The preliminary identification of red and sapphires is beautiful in color, crystal clear, shiny, flickering, dense and hard, and no understanding. It is deeply favored by people. In addition, there are very few known ruby ​​ore bodies, and the price has risen straight. Therefore, pseudo -inferior products are everywhere, not to mention that artificial rigid jade technology is mature, so identifying authentic gems is particularly important. The commonly used appraisal methods include hardness testing, observing morphological characteristics, observing luminescence, and observing spectra. Red and sapphires are the hardest substances on the earth except diamonds. They reach Mo's level 9 and are always shiny. The hardness of other possible substitutes is lower than it. You can use Huangyu (Mo's level 8), Crystal (Mo's level 7) and other standard hardness to confirm its hardness for a while. Of course, observation scratches should still hold a magnifying glass of more than 10 times. Natural red and sapphires that are not processed are often hexagonal barrels or cylinders. Because the crystallization growth rate is very slow, this produces a "hexagonal growth line" parallel to hexagonal crystals, also known as "hexagonal shapes Growth ring band ". Anyone who has such hexagonal growth lines or ring band must be natural red and sapphire. Gangyu has a strong luminescence and has its own characteristics, so it has appraisal significance. Myanmar ruby ​​lustering fluorescence, in short, long waves of ultraviolet rays, red fluorescence in X -rays (but red fluorescences are not concluded as a natural cause with red fluorescence). Thai rubies of red fluorescence in the long waves of ultraviolet rays, without or weak red fluorescence in short -wave ultraviolet rays. Observation of spectra has significance for appraisal decisions for red and blue gems. The characteristics of ruby ​​spectrum: strong red double lines at 6942/6928, this spectrum can be self -extinguished and fluorescence; at 6680/6592, weaker yellow, green, and purple wide suction lines, at 4765 /4750/4685 There is a score line. Self -extinguishing fluorescence dual -line is very spiritual for detecting whether chromium (CR) in Gangyu, and even purple -red and purple sapphires. When it contains traces of chromium, there is also this spectrum. Based on this, it can be concluded that it is a natural cause. How to choose the quality of the quality of the emerald and emerald gemstone is similar to other gems. First look at the clarity. As mentioned above, parcels (impurities) are a proof of natural gems. But the amount of impurities in gems is an important criterion for the quality of gemstones. Emerald is commonly known as the "garden" of the parcel, and the less impurities, the more precious. Secondly, look at the color. It cannot be simply considered that the "deep" the better the color, but first of all, the color is "positive". The so -called "color positive" is green and bright, and it looks pleasing to the eye. Of course, the stronger this pure green, the higher the value. Third, look at the cut. Although emerald cutting is not as strict as diamond cutting, it cannot be cut at will. Most of the emeralds are cut into square trapezoids. The gem world is called this shape. A good cutting process can better show the gemstone. Fourth, see the size. Generally speaking, the weight of emerald single grains can be divided into one carat, counting carats, or more than ten carats. The larger the grace of the same quality, the larger the unit price, the higher the unit price. In summary, the price of an emerald is determined by its clarity, color, cutting, and size. Choosing emerald can be appropriately selected according to your own budget. Crystal identification 1. Real and false crystal identification method: (1) Seeing: During the formation of natural crystals, it is often affected by the environment. When observing the sun, you can see a slight uniform and small horizontal or catkins -shaped shape. substance. The fake crystals mostly use the residual crystal residue and glass residue melting, which is made of polishing and imitation of color. There is no uniform stripes and catkins. (2) Tongue licking: Even in the hot summer, licking the surface of the natural crystal with the tongue, it also feels cold and cool. There is no cool feeling of false crystals. (3) Light: The natural crystal is placed in the sun, and no matter from which angle, it can release beautiful glory. Fake crystals cannot. (4) Hardness: Natural crystal hardness is high. Use gravel to gently draw on the jewelry without leaving traces; if there is a marks, it is a false crystal. (5) Checking with polarizing mirror: The natural crystal that changes 360 degrees under the polarizing mirror that is four dark and four dark changes. There is no change. (6) Two -color examination: Natural amethyst has two -color, and there is no duality of false crystals. (7) Use a magnifying glass to check: Use a ten -fold magnifying glass to check in the transmission light. Those who can find the bubbles can basically be fixed as fake crystals. (8) Check it with hair: Put the crystal on a hair wire. If the human eye can see the double shadow of the hair through the crystal, it is a natural crystal, mainly because the crystal has double refraction. (9) Use the heat guide instrument to detect: adjust the thermal guide to the green 4 grid test gemstone. The natural crystal can rise to 2 grids of yellow, while the false crystal does not rise, and when the area is large, it rises to a yellow grid. Second, how to choose crystal products? At first glance, the ingredients are selected: the crystal products with good materials should not be seen. The texture of the texture is pure, moist, and crystal. Second, the workmanship: The processing process of crystal products is divided into two types, namely grinding and carving. Such as crystal necklaces, bracelets, earrings, etc. belong to grinding products; Guanyin statues, inner painting smoke pots, etc. belong to sculptures. A well -working crystal product should be sophisticated, not only to fully show the external beauty (shape, style, symmetry, etc.) of crystal products, but also to maximize the excavation of its inner beauty (crystal, ingenuity). Third look at polishing: The quality of polishing directly affects the value of crystal products. The crystal must be pondered by King Kong Sands during the processing process. Rough production will make the crystal surface of friction. Good crystal products are naturally transparent and gloss. Four eye eyes: For wearing crystal products (such as necklaces, bracelets, and Buddha beads), it depends on whether the hole eyes are straight, the thickness of the hole is well -proportioned, and whether there is a small crack. The wall of the hole must be clear and transparent without "white marks". Five views of color: Even in the same type of crystal, the texture and color of its different parts have various types. If it belongs to monochrome, the color is uniform; if there is a depth on the same crystal, it is required to be beautiful and generous. Six -looking coordination: When buying crystal jewelry, take a test to see its size, tightness, and length. If it is inlaid, see if it is firm, Zhou Zhenghe coordinated unity. Pay attention to whether the style of the crystal jewelry and color are coordinated with your body, complexion, face shape and clothing. The value and price of artificial synthetic gemstones are well known that as gems, they should have three elements: "beauty", "durability" and "scarcity". Some people think that there should be eight elements. They are "beautiful", "high hard", "scarcity" , "Transparent", "stability", "surprisingly", "harmless" and "weight and size", artificial synthetic gems except for "scarcity", other elements have. For thousands of years, gems have been accompanied by human beings, and they are inseparable. Not only do they beautify and enrich people's lives, people have also found that gems have the value of decoration, value preservation, currency, medicinal use, collection and appreciation. Compared with natural gemstones, artificial synthetic gemstones focus on the characteristics of "beauty" and the value of "decoration". In terms of beauty and decoration, artificial synthetic gemstones can be comparable to natural gems, sometimes even surpassing natural gems. Because artificial synthetic gemstones are substitutes for natural gems, when we synthesize gemstones, we always require synthetic gems to be as close as possible to natural gems as much as possible. Not only is the color, good transparency, high hardness, large crystal, but not cracking, no cricket, good quality, can achieve gorgeous, pure and flawless, and excellent texture. Gem high -end high -end true and false situation. It can be seen that the products made by artificial synthetic gemstones as jewelry as jewelry are as beautiful as the products made of high -end products made of similar natural gems. The high -end products of natural gems are not only rare, but it is difficult to get, that is, it is obtained, and the price must be amazing; artificial synthetic gemstones are manufactured and produced in factories or laboratories. Not only can output can be artificially controlled, but the price is also cheap. Because of this, the main materials of people with artificial synthetic gemstones are very decorative, the main materials of popular jewelry or simulation jewelry are very natural, and these jewelry is very beautiful and the price is very low. Most people can afford it. The sales volume is getting higher and higher. It can be seen from the above that the main value of artificial synthetic gemstones is unsuccessful. However, one thing to explain is whether the number of artificial synthetic gems is "scarce" is relative. If compared with high -end products of similar natural gems, artificial synthetic gemstones are not rare; however Compared with decorative materials, the number of artificial synthetic gems is still "scarce". In addition, many famous artificial synthetic gemstones, due to the age, will continue to increase the value over time, and some can even reach the level of collection. The price of artificial synthetic gemstones, compared with natural gems of the same color and the same quality, should be said to be quite cheap. Its cheap amplitude is difficult to easily, the size of the output and other factors. In summary, its cheap range ranges from one tenth to one tenth. For example, the pigeon blood red ruby ​​noodles synthesized by the water and thermal method, about 250 yuan per carat, if the natural pigeon blood red ruby ​​reaches high -quality products with cotton -free and cracks, unpacking and growth lines, the price should be about 25,000 yuan/carat. That is, the cheaper of the pigeon blood red ruby ​​synthesis of the water heat method is about one thousandths; the price of the glass cat eye of the natural golden green cat eye gemstone is about one tenth of 10,000. This is because the technical difficulty of synthetic ruby ​​synthesis, expensive equipment, and low output are synthetic gemstones; glass cat eye production technology of imitating natural golden green cat eye gemstones is relatively easy, simple equipment, large output, and belong to imitation gems, so cheap price. Compared with similar artificial synthetic gemstones, different prices are very different due to different synthetic methods. For example, the price of the flame melting method is much lower than the price of the water and thermal synthesis of ruby, because the flame melting method is burned with hydroxide flames, which can grow about 10 grams per hour. The production of many equipment is placed, and the output is large. The sales of its products are not calculated by carats like a ruby ​​growing in the water heat method, but how much it is calculated per kilogram. At present, the flame melting ruby ​​produced in China is generally about 400-650 yuan per kilogram, 1 kg is 1000 grams, 1 gram is 5 carats, that is, the price of 5,000 carat flame melting method is 400-650 yuan. French ruby ​​is about 0.1 yuan, which is about 2500 times cheaper than the ruby ​​growth of water heat. It can be seen that similar gemstones that grow different methods are different from the size of the method, and their prices are different. However, the price of artificial synthetic gemstones is much cheaper than the price of natural gems of the same quality. This is an objective fact. According to historical records, the national treasure of Nandan meteorites occurred in 1516 (11 years of Zhengde of the Ming Dynasty). A huge meteorite landed in Nandan County, Guangxi Province. Due to the inconvenience of social conditions and traffic, information, and information at the time, it was impossible to find the falling meteorite in time. By 1958, when the "Great Steel Refining", the geology founding the miners discovered a lot of red -brown rust marks with "iron ore". I felt strange, reported up step by step, until the relevant departments of the central government, the Chinese Academy of Sciences handed over the matter to the Institute of Geological Research. After investigation and testing, it was confirmed that it was the earliest iron meteorite "South Dan meteorite" known in the world (because the meteorite contains a large amount of iron nickel alloys, so it is called iron meteorite). According to historical materials and on -site analysis, the South Dan meteorite exploded during the fall, so the scattered dot was distributed for dozens of miles. Nandan meteorites are the meteorites with many types of minerals and the most comprehensive samples in iron meteorite. More importantly, they can obtain information from the initial meteorite composition from the stone. The color of meteorites is presented. Most of them are not stored with melting shells, and the "gas marks" left by meteorites and high temperature airflow. Research on them helps to understand the pressure and humidity, heat dissipation and conduction when the meteorite breaks through the atmospheric layer, the impact of the meteorite on the ground, the physical chemical changes of the meteorite structure, the formation process of the formation of the solar stars and its environmental evolution, etc. The situation is used to study the melting of the surface when the cosmic aircraft pass through the atmosphere and the impact of cosmic rays. Since 1993, Nandan meteorite has become the goal of searching for people at home and abroad, and has been sold at high prices in society. The loss of meteorite has destroyed the original data and characteristics of the iron meteorite landing state, and the loss cannot be made up. Due to the influence of many factors such as transportation and management, the country failed to recover the large South Dan meteorite. At present, 680 kg, 1,000 kg, 300 kg, and more than 2,000 kg of South Dan meteorite are available in the Beijing Astronomical Museum Tiansheng Hall, Nandan County Park, Guiyang Earth Chemistry Research Institute, and Nandan County Museum. For meteorites, the laws of many countries have clear protection provisions. Most countries such as Russia, France, the United States, India, Germany, and Egypt stipulate that the felling objects from the sky are owned by the country. All countries in the world regard meteorites that fall in their own country as "national treasures". Only when they leave the specimen, can we have a choice and to communicate and study with other countries. Nandan meteorites are not very useful for individuals, but they have extremely precious scientific value. Nandan meteorite has been seized in large quantities, and it does not rule out instability and high -priced acquisitions from abroad. Since the history of human beings, there are only more than 2,000 meteorites collected, and the number is extremely limited. Nandan stone is large and wide, which is very rare. It is a rare "visitor" and can provide us with very intuitive and important cosmic information. Many people in Nangan County, Guangxi acquired "South Dan Meteorites" in order to private interest. At present, Nandan Stone has been lost in seriously in Nandan County, and the stock is very small. Many meteorites are scattered into the hands of local villagers to be sold at the price, and some are taken away by unknown units. According to the National "Cultural Relics Protection Law", Nantong meteorite belongs to the country's extreme cultural relics.

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