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From the age of mythology, Greece has attached great importance to music and art. During the "Aiqin Culture" period from 3200 BC to 1200 BC, people learned from the tomb painting at that time that at that time, people's music life was mostly singing and dancing or dancing with singing and musical instruments.
Pelasko since Egypt and Mesoperia entered the Greek era, music began to have scientific research; then, in 776 BC, when the first Olympic Conference was held, it was also Greece and its leadership. As the coast of Xiaoya (now Turkey), music is particularly developed.
In terms of architecture, the heritage of the ancient Greeks can be considered two themes. One is the image model contained in Greek architecture. These models first include a series of decorative terms, sculptures, and styles, which are more or less accepted, or intermittently used and abandoned. Even if you fell out of favor, you cannot lightly determine that they have completely disappeared from the databases of Western architects. The second aspect of Greek architecture in the world is the essential view of the Greeks on architecture.
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The introduction of ancient Greek
The ancient Greek refers to the general term of the ancient Balkan Peninsula, the Aegean Islands, and the coast of the small Asia Minor. The Aegean Culture of 3000-AD in the 2000 BC was the leading history of history.
The first 12-century is the Homer era. The first 8- The 4th century is the classical era. After 338 years ago, it was reduced to Macedonian rule. In the second half of the first half of the Leaf Alexander, it was the Greek era after the Eastern Expedition. In the Roman territory in 146 before. Ancient Greek culture constituted the main part of classical culture, and the classical era, especially Athens' literature, art, history, philosophy, and science, all of which have a great impact on Rome, later European and world culture.
The beginning of civilization
In AD 2000 BC (there are also other books about the beginning of Aiqin civilization around 3000 BC), Aegean Civilization has the birthday of Crete (also a saying It was the Greek continent and the Aegean Sea). Later, the center of the civilization moved to the Greek Peninsula and appeared in the Mindini civilization. Crete Island Civilization and McSuni Civilization are collectively referred to as Aegean Civilization, which lasted 800 years. It was the beginning of ancient Aegean Civilization.
The second half of the 4th century BC, the Alexander Great of Macedonia conquered the entire Greece and spread Greek civilization to the east during the expansion of the empire. It was called the Greek era. At this time, the ancient Greek literature was nearing the end, and the center of the Greek civilization gradually moved from Athens to the Alexander Port in Egypt. During this period, Greek literature was characterized by disconnection from reality, emphasizing rhetoric, and chasing the emotional tone. The more successful areas are new comedies and pastoral poems.
Reference materials Source: Baidu Encyclopedia -Ancient Greece
Let's divide the sculpture art architectural art and art
Ancient Greek sculpture
It throughout the Western art tradition, ancient Greek sculptures occupy a very important position. The model model of Western art, the solemn art character and the rigorous realistic spirit, can be said to start with ancient Greece. Over the years, the essence of this art has nourished Western art. The long myths and legends of ancient Greece are the source of ancient Greek sculpture art. Greek mythology is the beautiful fantasy of the Greeks for nature and society. They believe that God has the same shape and personality. Therefore, ancient Greek sculptures refer to the image of people to shape the image of God, and give them more ideal and perfectly perfect forms of art.
The characteristics of ancient Greek sculpture
Master characteristics: Greek art is ideal, simple, emphasized, elegant and exquisite. R n
Ancient Greek architecture
In terms of architecture, the heritage of the ancient Greeks can be considered as two themes. One is the image model contained in Greek architecture. These models first include a series of decorative terms, sculptures, and styles, which are more or less accepted, or intermittently used and abandoned. Even if you fell out of favor, you cannot lightly determine that they have completely disappeared from the databases of Western architects. The second aspect of Greek architecture in the world is the essential view of the Greeks on architecture. Architectural forms are always accepted passively, and the essence of architecture can only be interested in the heart, and instincts often find in some obvious places. If people know that to properly design the dimension of a building, they must follow a certain proportion of mathematics. This view is from the Greeks, whether it is essentially or in the appropriate proportion. This view appeared again during the Renaissance, and sometimes the perfectness of the architectural form repeats some preferred shapes.
The existing buildings are mainly public buildings such as temples, theaters, and arenas. Among them, the temple is an important activity center of a city -state. It also represents the style of the architecture during that period. The lives of the ancient Greeks were controlled by religion, so it was taken for granted that the largest and most beautiful buildings in ancient Greece are the Greek temples. The ancient Greeks believe that God is also human, but God is more perfect than ordinary people. They think that the place where God lives is just a more advanced house than ordinary people. Therefore, the earliest temple building in Greece is just a rectangular building where nobility lives. Later, the column type was added, and the early "end column porch style" gradually developed to the "front porch", that is, the porch in front of the temple was composed of four columns, and then developed to the "front and rear gallery". The gallery has evolved into the standard form of the Greek temple building- "enclosure type", that is, the colonnuts are surrounded by the rectangular temples. The general style of Greek Temple architecture is solemn and elegant, with a harmonious, magnificent and lofty beauty. These style characteristics have clear performance in all aspects.
The characteristics of ancient Greek architecture
Ben according to the leftover Greek buildings, we can summarize several major characteristics of ancient Greek buildings.
The first feature is the rectangle of the plane composition of 1: 1.618 or 1: 2. This modeling structure makes ancient Greek buildings more artistic. Because under the sunlight, each building has a wealth of light and shadow effects and changes in virtual and real changes. Compared with other closed buildings, the shining of sunlight eliminates the sense of dullness of closed walls and strengthens the characteristics of the carving art of Greek architecture.
The second feature is: column setting. There are four types of columns: 1. Tao Like column, 2. Eunite column, 3. Colin -style column, 4. Girl statue column. These four column types are slowly formed in people's groping. The latter column type has a certain connection with the front column type and has certain progress significance. And the four column -type is the harmony of the human body and the number of human body. The development of the column -type plays a decisive role in the structure of ancient Greek architecture, and has a significant impact on the later ancient Rome and European architecture.
The third feature is that the double -sided cross -slope roof of the building forms a specific method of decorating the mountain flower wall before and after the building. In ancient Greek buildings, there are round carvings, high reliefs, and fresh reliefs, creating unique decorative arts.
The fourth feature is: the artistic taste of civilian progress advocates the harmony of human beauty and numbers. The ancient Greeks advocate the beauty of the human body. Whether it is engraving or architecture, they all think that the ratio of the human body is the most perfect. The great architect Witruway transferred the theory of the ancient Greeks: "Buildings ... must be formulated strictly in accordance with the patterns of the human body." The consistency is based on the people's standard, and the fundamental basis of human beauty. Their shape can be said to be the artistic manifestation of human grace, form, face, and beauty. The image of structural law is reflected. Therefore, these column types have a lofty beauty, because they show the pride and nobleness of the spirit of people as the spirit of all things.
The fifth feature is: construction and decoration are carved. Greek buildings are tightly combined with Greece. It can be said that Greek architecture is a artwork carved with stone. From the vortex on the Ionick column stigma, the flower basket composed of the ninological winter grass blades on the Corinth -style stigma, to the girl with a free look on the female statue column, the relief on the eaves of the temples of the temple is exquisite. Carving art. It can be seen that sculpting is an important part of ancient Greek architecture. It is the art of ancient Greek architectural art that has created the perfect ancient Greek architecture. It is also because of carving that Greek architecture is more mysterious, noble, and perfect.
The ancient Greek art
The great philosopher Hegel, Germany, said that in the hearts of educated Europeans, when it comes to Greece, it will feel like a home. This is very vividly explained that ancient Greece was the birthplace of Western civilization.
It is the island's gently and pleasant home in Greece. Although it is rich in olives, grapes, and wheat, most of the land is bare stones. As a result, the ancient Greeks rafted into the sea and played the role of businessmen, pirates, adventurers. At that time, the waves of waves of the Mediterranean were flickering their wisdom and sensitivity. Facing the unpredictable nature, they are full of conquest and dominant fantasies, thereby creating many beautiful myths.
The noble simplicity and the greatness of quietness "are Winkerman's evaluation of ancient Greek art. In other words, it can be regarded as the high unity of two aesthetic connotations of" simplicity "and" magnificent ". Look, these two are opposite, but in terms of internal essence, the two can be transformed between the two. In the article "The feeling of beauty and majesty" written by Kant in the early years, Kant believes that the beauty is beautiful. , Laugh more about beautiful people. The beauty here can be understood as noble simplicity. From the perspective of artistic expression, Winkelman eagerly respects the Greek sculpture, thinking that they "will always stay in the depths of the sea. In silence, no matter how madness its surface ", this sentence shows that from Winkerman's view, they are the general features of" noble simplicity "and" quiet and great ". "The face can feel fatal pain on the face, but the artist only uses the mouth of the mouth to avoid painting the painful roar, and only uses a" timid to converge the sigh ". In terms of strength, the strength of this spirit deeply shocked the audience's heart. The value of "quiet" art is not emotional, but the condensation of passion is not the outbreak of the volcano, but the sequence of the bottom of the sea. Jing Mu's emotional storms, waves of intentions, and disasters of the outside world are all in the realm of tranquility and elegance. In Laolon's body, we see the greatness of the unshakable person. The hardships of the world.
In short, you can feel the joy that the noble simplicity brings to you, and at the same time, it will be deeply shocked by this quiet greatness.
From 500 BC to 323 BC, it was the classical period of Greece. It was an era of high prosperity of art, literature, philosophy, and politics. During this period, it had a serious conflict with the two strong enemies of Persia and Macedonia. The Greeks have achieved victory in the Persian war. A spirit of cooperation is stimulated in various city -state because of this victory. At the same time, because the Army of Athens played the so -called barbarians, it played a role in turning the tide. Therefore, in the war In the later city -state alliance, Athens played the role of the leader. The further prosperity of socioeconomic and economy, the in -depth development of the democratic politics of slave owners has promoted the comprehensive prosperity of Greek culture and art. Greek art, especially sculpture and architecture, constitutes the peak of ancient Greek art. The great achievements of ancient Greek sculpture art and architecture are inseparable from the social system, aesthetic value, aesthetic concept, and social fashion of ancient Greece.
The Greeks provide a model of "classical beauty" for Western art. They regard the universe as a overall and complete sacred order, and the term "cosmos" itself contains the meaning of "harmony, quantity, order". Early Greek philosopher Pythagoras pointed out that numbers are common rules for the operation of music and cosmic celestial bodies. It symbolizes the harmony of music and the universe, and a person itself is a harmonious body. , Resonance, corresponding to the same, seeking the same qi. Democylite has a famous saying that "man is a small universe." From the perspective of the Greeks, the beauty of beauty is generated by the harmonious relationship between the overall parts, and the beauty of this reconciliation directly comes from the human body. The human body is the small universe and small order in the large order of the universe. They believe that the human body is beauty, it is the best unity of truth, kindness, and beauty. It reflects the wisdom and order that can be discovered in the universe, and is the origin of all goodness and beauty. Therefore, artists have broaden this concept to all aspects of architecture, sculpture art, etc., express the image of God in the mind with human sculptures, and use this to symbolize the sacred order of the universe. Ancient Greek sculptors have repeatedly explored the standard ratio of human body, and their purpose is to seek a human standard to express beauty. The sculptor Porikris specially studied the ratio between the human body and wrote it as the "Law", which clearly pointed out the symmetrical data of the ratio of the human body. For example ), The center of gravity of the statue is concentrated on one foot, and the other foot is relaxed, which can make the muscles and tendons of the entire body's tension and relaxation change, and it can also make the entire image more expressive. In Polycris's masterpiece "Lotus Spear", he created a noble and solemn ideal human image with a ratio of 1: 8 with his head to his whole body.
Ancient Greek architecture
It throughout the Western art tradition, ancient Greek sculptures occupy a very important position. The model model of Western art, the solemn art character and the rigorous realistic spirit, can be said to start with ancient Greece. Over the years, the essence of this art has nourished Western art. The long myths and legends of ancient Greece are the source of ancient Greek sculpture art. Greek mythology is the beautiful fantasy of the Greeks for nature and society. They believe that God has the same shape and personality. Therefore, ancient Greek sculptures refer to the image of people to shape the image of God, and give them more ideal and perfectly perfect forms of art.
Ancient Greek architecture:
The existing buildings are mainly public buildings such as temples, theaters, and arena. Among them, the temple is an important activity center of a city -state. The style.
The lives of the ancient Greeks were controlled by religion, so it was taken for granted that the biggest and most beautiful buildings in ancient Greece are the Greek temples. The ancient Greeks believe that God is also human, but God is more perfect than ordinary people. They think that the place where God lives is just a more advanced house than ordinary people. Therefore, the earliest temple building in Greece is just a rectangular building where nobility lives. Later, the column type was added, and the early "end column porch style" gradually developed to the "front porch", that is, the porch in front of the temple was composed of four columns, and then developed to the "front and rear gallery". The gallery has evolved into the standard form of the Greek temple building- "enclosure type", that is, the colonnuts are surrounded by the rectangular temples. The general style of Greek Temple architecture is solemn and elegant, with a harmonious, magnificent and lofty beauty. These style characteristics have clear performance in all aspects.
Ancient Greek art
The great philosopher Hegel, Germany, said that in the hearts of educated Europeans, when it comes to Greece, a sense of home will feel like. This is very vividly explained that ancient Greece was the birthplace of Western civilization.