The jade produced by Jilin has long white. White is grown in Yanshi County, Maolulu Township, Governor of Bai County, Jilin, and twice the wax -like luster in sheep fat Bai Ziyu County, sheep oil fat is white and moist, in Hetian's Yulong u003C/. R n jade, synonymous with beautiful stones in China. The ancients believed that jade treasures were called gems today's precious jade. China is the jade of a country, but the domestic jewelry industry, the jadeite of archeologists and geologists, the definition of jade and gems is different. The collective referred to, specifically referring to the jadeite of the international emerald, nephrite and jadeite (emerald). Gem is a body with a special optical effect by one or more minerals. Most of the minerals, such as diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds, cat -eye stones, tourmaline, purple and other single crystals.
, emerald
Emerald, which is usually called "emerald" in China, is a rising star in traditional Chinese jade modern high -end jade.
The emerald is a dense block consisting of mountain materials (native ore) or "seed materials" (secondary ore). The emerald mineral composition is closely intertwined, observing the formation of the fiber structure of the emerald under the microscope. This tight fiber structure, emerald has delicate and tenacious
M common emerald, green, light brown, green, yellow and green, purple, mostly opaque, individual translucent, glass luster. Color and texture, emerald green, bright green, yellow, green sun, the sun is beautiful green, green glass, parrot green, spinach green, light water green, light sun green, green frog, green fruits, plum green, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue, blue , Green, Gray Green, Oil Green, and Violet and Powder 24 varieties.
The sapphire and white jade, blue jade, yellow jade, and ink jade varieties of jasper and white jade of Tianyu and Tianyu
Emerald, the dense lump is performed by the corner glittering minerals, and the stone minerals (mainly the glitter). Observation under a microscope, emerald and field jade fiber structure. The fiber -shaped flashes of the structure of this structure are rising from the stone, and the neate jade has the main reason for the delicate and tough properties.
The common colors of field jade are white, gray, green, dark green, yellow, black and other colors. The least transparent, individual translucent, glass luster. Except for different colors of nephrite. White jade is like sheep fat, sheep fat jade. Sapphire white, gray Bai Zhiqing some people will be called "green jade. The green jade green becomes dark green, and sometimes the black stains can be seen. Because impurities such as chromium spinel minerals, which contain impurities and black, are precious. Mo Yu, Huang Yu is a precious variety. Sapphire has a yellow leather shell of sugar water, which currently calls it "sugar jade. *Red is called "pink jade". Tiger skin color is called "tiger jade".
Xiuyan
The county named Xiuyu, named named names, Liaoning Province. Obviously, this jade variety is different from Xinjiang jade or jasper. It has different mineral composition and hardness. The main mineral components that make up the jade often contain binary iron, three -valent iron, mixed with manganese and aluminum snakes. , Nickel, cobalt and other impurities, these mixed Xiuyan have different colors. The color of jadeite is white, yellow, yellow, pink, light green, green, green, dark green, brown, green and mixed. Often use green as the main color, jade and jasper, snake -patterned stone minerals to form the color range of the jade jade, usually account for more than 85 % of the common small amounts of other minerals, such as Fang Lingshi. Increase hardness. Five quality >
Xiuyu is very delicate, translucent to opaque, waxy oil luster, hardness 2.55.5, and the proportion of 2.52.8. The average refractive index of snake stone minerals is 1.541.55. Snake stones are magnesium carbonate rocks, magnesium -based rocks, and super -based rocks symbiosis, talcs, green mud stones and other symbiosis.
, the same emerald and field jade of the same jade jade can be easily distinguished, mainly shiny (old oil luster) and hardness.
The mining history of South Jade is unknown. In the Siliu area of Xinyi County, Guangdong Province, it is also called Xinyi jade. , Talc, Fang Ling Stone, Perpatic Flash, Green Deter, Green Curtain Stone, contain impurities, from the color of Xiuyu different colors, dark green to brown green. The output geological conditions are also different. Its mixed cloud -mother sliced rocks and tingling rocks produced by it form a belt. The jade ore body is lower than a layer of talc powder often at 0.25.5 meters thick.
The Qilian Mountain produces Qilian Mountain dark green emerald green, large black spots, and jade and southern jade do not have this function.
D yellow jade is also yellowish yellow, and is also named after the name of Beijing Shising Laojun Church, which is produced by snake pattern and exposed to metamorphic marble. In the 1960s, it was discovered that the mining situation in history was unknown. There are too few production, and now stop mining. / a>
The sea green stone is also a snake -grain stone jade, and named Dingxian in the Jilin Lushui River for the first time discovered the ancient strata produced in the snake pattern. Jade is pure, delicate, smooth, apples green to dark green, slightly translucent.
The sauce snake -like stone jade, there are many origin and variety. Therefore, when we discovered the Neolithic era, because of this emerald jade, we will not easily conclude the jade source of such conclusions. In 1977, the Nanjing Museum in Wuxian Mountain in Wu County, Jiangsu, Jade in the New Stone Age of Zhangling Mountain found that the jade tube of snake pattern stone jade may not be the jade jade produced by Liaoning, Zhenjiang City, and Jiangsu Province.
The name of the blue sky and the blue sky was first seen in "Hanshu Geography, Beijing Zhongbei (now Xi'an North) Lantian Shanyu." Since then, "Mrs. Han's family biography" Zhang Heng "Xi Jingfu" "Guangya", "," Water Jing Note "He" and the county pictorial records "Old Book, there is a record of Lin Xi produced jade articles. "In the end of the Ming Dynasty, Song said:" The so -called Lantian, the alias of the Kunlun jade onion, and then mistakenly thought that Xi'an Lantian also. "After it caused the world's disputes, some said Lin Tian, there was no jade, and some talked about some states, and some talked about some states, and some talked about some states, and some talked about some. Even if the jade was produced in May (color green like jade leaves). In recent years, Shaanxi geological workers discovered by the snake -patterned stone marble materials found in Lantian believed that it was an ancient record of Blue Sky (the People's Daily of the People's Daily in 1978). This discovery is not only the geological community of searching for gem raw materials, but also the focus of the interests of archaeologists. In 1982, the Lantian rough resources, the Geological Museum above the Ministry of Geological Minerals, exhibited the same jade of the same local sauce jade with the strong local sauce. In terms of appearance, yellow, light green, and uneven color, accompanied by a light white marble jade, jade, although not very beautiful, because the blue field is located near the ancient city of Xi'an, the jade hardness is about 4, which is easy to process.
five, Nanyang Jade
Nanyang jade is named because of Nanyang City, Henan Province, Nanyang Dushan Jade Mine because it is also called "Dushan. r. n This Nanyang jade is bright in color, delicate texture, good gloss, high hardness, comparable to emerald. Germany is called "Nanyang Emerald". The jade deposit of jade is occupied. According to the research of Henan geological workers in recent years, it is proven that Nanyang jade is a kind of erosion and oblique long rock, except oblique stone, light curtain stone, green curtain stone, light -shimmers, silk cloud mother, black, black, black, black, and black The mineral composition of Yunmu and vermiculite. The microscope identification jade contains a variety of etching minerals, which is petrified, green curtain petrochemical and transparent glitter. Jade contains various metal impurities gold ions), various colors of color), various colors The color of jade, green, white, mixed colors, purple, blue, yellow and other colors.
six, turquoise
The hidden crystal dense lump material contains copper, aluminum and water phosphate, usually produced in a shallow middle school mine. Most of the sky blue, dark blue, blue -green and green green white, strong wind. The soft waxy luster. Hardness is 6. 6 is 6. Hardness is 6. Hardness is 6. Hardness is 6. Hardness is 6. Hardness is 6. Hardness is 6. Hardness is 6. Hardness is 6. Hardness is 6. , Ratio of 2.62.8. The average discount rate is 1.61 to 1.63.
turmoil is also an ancient traditional jade in China. Ancient*discount historical books, new new stone artifacts in the new stone era, the statistics of turquoise decorations discovered by many people and the tomb of your family and cultural sites.
seven, agate
Tyine and a beautiful pattern have been decorated since ancient times. The unearthed jade articles, common agate beads, pendants.
Composition, sometimes a small amount of protein or crystal particles are also seen. Strictly speaking, there is no pattern and pattern characteristics. It cannot be said, agate, chalcedony. Agate "is the same meaning of ancient agate. Agate is pure white and contains other metal elements (such as Fe, Ni, etc.). Sometimes several colors are mixed or white. Agate block is transparent, translucent and opaque glass luster to wax -like luster. The hardness is 6.57 and the proportion is 2.65. The thickness and shape of the thickness and shape of the
are based on the pattern. It is divided into many varieties of patterns. The strip is "缟 agate", such as "agate" the most precious, called "red agate red pattern. In addition, there are "banded agate", "city agate" dumpling agate, moss agate ", Jinhong Agate", "Hezi Agate" variety of sauce agate "," sparse flower and water and cypress agate, the song is significantly reduced, the song is significantly reduced Agate, water gall agate (see Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica").
The "chalcedony" mode without pattern, there are many jade materials. According to different colors, agate, chalcedony (also known as English card stone), "light green chalcedony," bloodstone "(also known as bloodstone) and" jasper ".
agate, traditional jade in Hetian jade. The jade agate cups and agate beads unearthed from Nanjing North Yinyang Camp and other websites, agate beads, resisting the evil shape, 1.7 cm long. The tomb of the spring and autumn of Junan Dadian and the middle of the Jin Tomb of Shandong in Nanjing. The agate jewelry has also been discovered. It often contains square lipsticks, pyrite, and sometimes a small amount of permeability. The golden stone in the Qing Dynasty is 25 % to 40 % of the content of greenite minerals in Afghanistan. Jade is a unique blue, dark blue, light blue,, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue. Quanqing blue opaque glass to oil luster, 5.5 hardness, 2.72.9. The color is dark blue and thick, but it is not black. It is called "green gold". It is called "Jiang Bo", which contains pale blue and white square lipsticks (generally excluding yellow iron ore). nine, Pitter's Shangdianzi-Motcy
"Reading the Minutes of History Fang publicity", Volume 16: "Tianzhu Mountain, 50 years in the west of the state (Ankang County, Xing'an Shaanxi Province) In the double tin, more than 20 vulnerabilities of the Tang and Song dynasties have taken wonders, which are close to the beginning of next year. "Xia Xiangrong believes that the history of ancient hair in ancient China:": "was no exception when Yuan Dai Pitosine was not on Daduki Tin. "This is because the turquoise (Uenianzi) is generally symbiosis with the peacock (green, also known as" malachite green "). Silicon peacock is often symbiosis with the malachite. Because of the known symbiotic" BI-tin Peacocks, 锡-tin "or" two-way Shangdianzi "may refer to the hardness of the malachite.
The malachite is a secondary oxide mineral area on the oxide mineral. It is named after a huge creamy creamy, leather -like and concentric strips. 4 to 6, the usual ratio is 3.94. The symbiosis with brown iron ore, square lipstick, manganese soil, chalcedony, silicon peacock stone.
The triba is also a secondary mineral and bronze ore of the most changing effects of the hot alkaline silicate solution, green, blue -green to blue sky. , Earth -shaped or grape -shaped. 24 hardness, 2 to 2.24. The ratio of the opaque glass of peacocks and earth -shaped luster
In a large number of archeological materials, the traditional jade materials of the jade articles unearthed, But the precious gems unearthed. Now, the overview of 10 gems of some important gems is as follows:
diamond mineral name diamond and other shafts, mostly octagonal body, diamond duplex and hexadicate chemistry The ingredients are carbon, the hardness is 10, the ratio is 3.53.6, and the refractive index is 2.40 2.48 ... In the 18th century, the only producer in India in the world diamonds. Brazil diamonds found in 1728, and Africa diamonds were quilt. Discovered in 1850. The output of Shandong diamonds in China, it means that history is only 2 or three hundred years. The earliest diamonds unearthed in China should be the time of Tianzhu.
Themae and sapphire are the names of rigid jade minerals. Trilleys crystal, crystals are often in buckets, cone, plates, columnaries, irregular crystals, often there are oblique patterns on the surface Or stripes, hardness, a gravity of 3.95 to 4.10, folding index: n0 = 1.767 to 1.772, n0 = 1.759 to 1.763, the re -admission current rate from 0.008 to 0.009 Mixed metal chromium red, mixed iron, titanium, manganese, etc. Other colors. Today, the gem and jewelry industry, except ruby? Transparent red, other colors of transparent crystal gangsters (making gems), Chen Jie "sapphire". For example, yellow ", yellow sapphire, green," green sapphire. R. n The special varieties, known as "Star Waste" and "Starlight Smurra" Ruby and Sapphire. This gem is generally opaque or nearly translucent, refined into curved gemstones on the top surface of the curved surface. The six radial light bands are like a shiny star.
The ruby said that ancient China has "red thorn," red "," Ballas "house. It has always been called a real gem of "Ballas ore" titled "spinel". Sapphire, "howling" said that the ancient Chinese, "howling" in ancient times, he also refers to the name of other blue or green gemstones. In recent years, in eastern and southern China, sapphires and rubies in origin? Not yet found. Maybe from Thailand, Myanmar, Sri Lanka sapphire, ruby, ruby is likely to come from Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, and discovered ancient tombs.
The emerald writer Tao Zongyi called "Help Water Tree Decoration.
Emerald, which generally refers to the transparent green pillar mineral crystals of the color. In color, they have their own names, such as sky blue sea sapphire, yellow -green "olive sapphire, pure yellow" golden jadeite light red "rose emerald. Chromium, the color of the color is darker green or green, the emerald is made up.
The unique emerald green crystal is mixed with chromium ions. The three -chromium daily chromium content is 0.15 % to 0.20 %, and the crimson green tritenurt chromium content is as high as 0.50.6 %. Crystals are often hexagonal. Hardness is 7.5, and the proportion is 2.71. Transparent, glass luster. Folding index: 0.006 = 1.585 = 1.579; heavy discount rate. The crystals are often defective, and the performance is mostly a small piece of luster. It is also known as the "cicada wings. Emerald's beautiful color. As a jewelry inlaid item, it is often designed in the field of art and craftsmanship because of refining into a plate or staircase electricity price.
The jadeite discovered. In the 1920s, South Africa (Azania), Zimbabwe, and Brazil had been found in a large emerald mine. (SAR). In addition, India, Tanzania, and Zambia also produced emeralds. The origin of the jadeite that China has not found. R n is commonly known as "cat's eye" and is also called "lion -negative", which means the meaning of the lion carried. This gem is produced in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), which is also known as "Ceylonin Stone.
The mineral name of Cat's Eye Stone Mineral Science. The parallel -distributed pores in this gemstone are processed into precepts (commonly known as waist round), which can be brightened.
The is difficult to test in our historical books. Zhang Hongzhao listed the language of the enamel ring in "Shiya"; the fairy tales of the lion's fairy tales ... the experience of the cloud, the peony steel in the cloud, hidden together. "Here" the lion's earlier cat -eye stones remain to be verified. At present, the protein stones unearthed in Qianlong Tomb of the Qing Dynasty; the quality of the golden tower on the top of the Golden Tower of the Treasure Museum of the Palace Museum is not good. The first time to enter is still the ancient and modern protein in China in Sri Lanka input.
This Tourmaline Qinghui Code "Volume 4:13, known as" Import Bi Mo (Wang Ya) (Wang Si) (Wang Si) "," Museum to see the "Dianhai" Yu Hengzhi said: " "Bixia Crooked", "Bixia's import volume (rate)," Bitson ";" Guli "call" Bixia hope. At the beginning, the jewelry dealers in the Beijing market were usually called "tourmaline" and "green or all" tourmaline gems. In the process of this tourmaline, the name of the colorful tourmaline gemstone.
The composition of electrical stone minerals is quite complicated. Hardness is 77.5, and the proportion is 2.983.05. Depending on different colors, such as "red tourmaline, green tourmaline, Ms. Huang likes", "brown tourmaline and tourmaline, cat eye stone". Crimson is commonly known as "double pink, light red, commonly known as" single pink. Electric stone products are collected in the Treasure Museum of the Palace Museum. There are a lot of various colors, most of which are bright and Qing Dynasty. Electric stone produces a historical record of Myanmar. The most famous tourmaline now comes from Altay, Xinjiang in China, but the mining is not not noticed.
The tense teeth Ukraine is also known as the name of Ziya Ukraine. The Ceylon ruby said: "Yellow, yellow garnet said, the emerald green karlet is also known as" Ural emerald. "The unearthed purple gems unearthed. The Dark Red to purple -red gemstones of the Treasure Museum of the Palace Museum are mostly purple -tooth black gems, but the source of unknown sources. The middle layer of Altay, Xinjiang, Xinjiang, is currently known as red, yellow, and green pomegram gems. In addition, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province also found a red garnet gemstone.
Stronelite ruby inlaid Britain and Russia on the crown, and some are spinels. The "Black Prince Ruby, which weighs 389 carats in the central inlaid in the central inlaid of the Queen Grand Crown of the United Kingdom, and contains a large spinel gemstone in the gemstone dictionary of Jimiwu. In the 17th century, 120,000 rubles were purchased from Beijing.
The spinels often have the glass gloss of octopus. The hardness is 3, and the proportion is 3.54.06. The average refractive index n = 1.717. The spinel is a homogeneous mineral. The difference between it and ruby? (Red Gang Jade) The shape and hardness of the other different crystals, observe (orthogonal polarizing) under polarizing microscope, rotate, and its brightness and black (anti -light phenomenon) change compared to the edge of this book, namely, ruby, spinel gemstone when the spinel gemstone is gemstone. It is black (full light).
The green spinels of emerald green. Foreign descent Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Australia.
The stretch of stretching stone minerals was named after the Labrado coast of Canada. It is known that there are long -term lunar stones and transformed lottery stretching 2. Magnesium iron minerals are species of oblique stone, including 3550 % of long steel molecules and 5075 % and tungsten potassium long stone molecules. Ingredients -It may be a small amount of potassium long stone. The crystal is a plate -like or printing roller. Precise to translucent, some more transparent, glass luster. The hardness is 66.5, and the gravity is 2.67 to 2.72. The color of the journey of the Magic Magnote or Pulse mixed inch is like the color of the moonstone "Moonlight Cold Autumn" (gemstone rotates, and the color gradually changes in "journey color"). The variable color stretch the direction of the color change of the white blue light source (that is, "change color").
Te Zhang Hongzhao Shiya "China" and the stretch of gemstones, mainly based on the changes in the color of the account "; HERSBIT" account in the late Tang Dynasty. Du Yuzhou said: The "HERSBIT" side, based on Pitt, depends on its color. "Stretching and colorful white Pitt, instead of pondering, this color change is difficult to discover that ordinary people are difficult to find, so Li Pu Debao.
Record. Emperor Qin Shihuang was processed into jade seals and was deleted and passed on to the post -Tang Congke (Emperor Wasan). He left Shi Jingzheng to colludgerate the Khitan people to attack Luoyang. Missing HERSBIT here.
The fluorite in 1978 was the first "Hamdu excavation report for archeological unearthed jade articles". Xia Xiangrong and others believe that this is obviously the best fluorite. The transparent crystal of fluorite is called the soft crystal jewelry industry in China. The chemical composition of fluorite, calcium fluoride, often contain impurities such as crickets, crickets, rare earth elements. The crystal is a cube or octopus. White, green, yellow, blue and other colors. Hardness, a gravity of 3.18. The refractive index is 1.433 to 1.435. The ingredients of uranium contains green fluorescence. Strong phosphorus light is "Night Pearl", according to historical records. According to legend, the night pearls of snake -eye stone fireflies in ancient India are half a feet away from it at night. Seeing printing can borrow its light. "The history, science and technology of Li Joseph's" history, science and technology ": The night pearls of the ancient Chinese loved Syria are also called" peacock warm stone ". It is said that the crown of the Empress Dowager Cixi "9 Night Pearls, Four lost the people. Not long ago, the night pearl discovered by Luoyang, Shaanxi Fufeng County, the night pearls found in it, they did not find any gem. In the second edition of the second edition of "Our Discovery Night Pearl" on June 3rd, it was reported that in Guangdong Province, a fluorite of strong phosphorus light was also found in the tungsten ore fluorite mining plant, which can be described as a modern night pearl. The ancient legends and records of glowing pearls do exist, but they are also origin.
The crystal products unearthed with jade articles accompanied by crystals are common and often unearthed from the tombs of the Warring States Period.
The chemical composition of crystal silica, geometric shape of quartz crystal. Hardness, 2.65. Poly, transparent, purple, pink, brown, black and other colors. Color and certain impurities, yellow crystals contain super -display micro micro Status glue -shaped iron oxide; ink crystals may be radiated with radium radiation, rosy, ruddy ostellar oxide and silicon hydroxide; the micro state is pink iron iron ore bag, which may be because boron contains black Ink crystals may contain more impurities.
In except for the color of crystal amethyst, yellow crystal (fake yellow jade), yellow crystal and ink products, they are also divided into hair crystals (various types Kid mineral package) Water tank crystal. Pink block, hibiscus said. Crystal's ancient water jade essence, many names are attached to white, dried for one year, glass, purple difficulty, red quartz, green quartz, crystal. Crystal. Crystal. The variety of varieties is also older. In addition, many of our provinces produced Daqin and Persian old input.
The jade produced by Jilin has long white. White is grown in Yanshi County, Maolulu Township, Governor of Bai County, Jilin, and twice the wax -like luster in sheep fat Bai Ziyu County, sheep oil fat is white and moist, in Hetian's Yulong
u003C/. R n
jade, synonymous with beautiful stones in China. The ancients believed that jade treasures were called gems today's precious jade. China is the jade of a country, but the domestic jewelry industry, the jadeite of archeologists and geologists, the definition of jade and gems is different. The collective referred to, specifically referring to the jadeite of the international emerald, nephrite and jadeite (emerald). Gem is a body with a special optical effect by one or more minerals. Most of the minerals, such as diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds, cat -eye stones, tourmaline, purple and other single crystals.
, emerald
Emerald, which is usually called "emerald" in China, is a rising star in traditional Chinese jade modern high -end jade.
The emerald is a dense block consisting of mountain materials (native ore) or "seed materials" (secondary ore). The emerald mineral composition is closely intertwined, observing the formation of the fiber structure of the emerald under the microscope. This tight fiber structure, emerald has delicate and tenacious
M common emerald, green, light brown, green, yellow and green, purple, mostly opaque, individual translucent, glass luster. Color and texture, emerald green, bright green, yellow, green sun, the sun is beautiful green, green glass, parrot green, spinach green, light water green, light sun green, green frog, green fruits, plum green, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue blue, blue, blue , Green, Gray Green, Oil Green, and Violet and Powder 24 varieties.
The sapphire and white jade, blue jade, yellow jade, and ink jade varieties of jasper and white jade of Tianyu and Tianyu
Emerald, the dense lump is performed by the corner glittering minerals, and the stone minerals (mainly the glitter). Observation under a microscope, emerald and field jade fiber structure. The fiber -shaped flashes of the structure of this structure are rising from the stone, and the neate jade has the main reason for the delicate and tough properties.
The common colors of field jade are white, gray, green, dark green, yellow, black and other colors. The least transparent, individual translucent, glass luster. Except for different colors of nephrite. White jade is like sheep fat, sheep fat jade. Sapphire white, gray Bai Zhiqing some people will be called "green jade. The green jade green becomes dark green, and sometimes the black stains can be seen. Because impurities such as chromium spinel minerals, which contain impurities and black, are precious. Mo Yu, Huang Yu is a precious variety. Sapphire has a yellow leather shell of sugar water, which currently calls it "sugar jade. *Red is called "pink jade". Tiger skin color is called "tiger jade".
Xiuyan
The county named Xiuyu, named named names, Liaoning Province. Obviously, this jade variety is different from Xinjiang jade or jasper. It has different mineral composition and hardness. The main mineral components that make up the jade often contain binary iron, three -valent iron, mixed with manganese and aluminum snakes. , Nickel, cobalt and other impurities, these mixed Xiuyan have different colors. The color of jadeite is white, yellow, yellow, pink, light green, green, green, dark green, brown, green and mixed. Often use green as the main color, jade and jasper, snake -patterned stone minerals to form the color range of the jade jade, usually account for more than 85 % of the common small amounts of other minerals, such as Fang Lingshi. Increase hardness. Five quality
>
Xiuyu is very delicate, translucent to opaque, waxy oil luster, hardness 2.55.5, and the proportion of 2.52.8. The average refractive index of snake stone minerals is 1.541.55. Snake stones are magnesium carbonate rocks, magnesium -based rocks, and super -based rocks symbiosis, talcs, green mud stones and other symbiosis.
, the same emerald and field jade of the same jade jade can be easily distinguished, mainly shiny (old oil luster) and hardness.
The mining history of South Jade is unknown. In the Siliu area of Xinyi County, Guangdong Province, it is also called Xinyi jade. , Talc, Fang Ling Stone, Perpatic Flash, Green Deter, Green Curtain Stone, contain impurities, from the color of Xiuyu different colors, dark green to brown green. The output geological conditions are also different. Its mixed cloud -mother sliced rocks and tingling rocks produced by it form a belt. The jade ore body is lower than a layer of talc powder often at 0.25.5 meters thick.
The Qilian Mountain produces Qilian Mountain dark green emerald green, large black spots, and jade and southern jade do not have this function.
D yellow jade is also yellowish yellow, and is also named after the name of Beijing Shising Laojun Church, which is produced by snake pattern and exposed to metamorphic marble. In the 1960s, it was discovered that the mining situation in history was unknown. There are too few production, and now stop mining. / a>
The sea green stone is also a snake -grain stone jade, and named Dingxian in the Jilin Lushui River for the first time discovered the ancient strata produced in the snake pattern. Jade is pure, delicate, smooth, apples green to dark green, slightly translucent.
The sauce snake -like stone jade, there are many origin and variety. Therefore, when we discovered the Neolithic era, because of this emerald jade, we will not easily conclude the jade source of such conclusions. In 1977, the Nanjing Museum in Wuxian Mountain in Wu County, Jiangsu, Jade in the New Stone Age of Zhangling Mountain found that the jade tube of snake pattern stone jade may not be the jade jade produced by Liaoning, Zhenjiang City, and Jiangsu Province.
The name of the blue sky and the blue sky was first seen in "Hanshu Geography, Beijing Zhongbei (now Xi'an North) Lantian Shanyu." Since then, "Mrs. Han's family biography" Zhang Heng "Xi Jingfu" "Guangya", "," Water Jing Note "He" and the county pictorial records "Old Book, there is a record of Lin Xi produced jade articles. "In the end of the Ming Dynasty, Song said:" The so -called Lantian, the alias of the Kunlun jade onion, and then mistakenly thought that Xi'an Lantian also. "After it caused the world's disputes, some said Lin Tian, there was no jade, and some talked about some states, and some talked about some states, and some talked about some states, and some talked about some. Even if the jade was produced in May (color green like jade leaves). In recent years, Shaanxi geological workers discovered by the snake -patterned stone marble materials found in Lantian believed that it was an ancient record of Blue Sky (the People's Daily of the People's Daily in 1978). This discovery is not only the geological community of searching for gem raw materials, but also the focus of the interests of archaeologists. In 1982, the Lantian rough resources, the Geological Museum above the Ministry of Geological Minerals, exhibited the same jade of the same local sauce jade with the strong local sauce. In terms of appearance, yellow, light green, and uneven color, accompanied by a light white marble jade, jade, although not very beautiful, because the blue field is located near the ancient city of Xi'an, the jade hardness is about 4, which is easy to process.
five, Nanyang Jade
Nanyang jade is named because of Nanyang City, Henan Province, Nanyang Dushan Jade Mine because it is also called "Dushan. r. n
This Nanyang jade is bright in color, delicate texture, good gloss, high hardness, comparable to emerald. Germany is called "Nanyang Emerald". The jade deposit of jade is occupied. According to the research of Henan geological workers in recent years, it is proven that Nanyang jade is a kind of erosion and oblique long rock, except oblique stone, light curtain stone, green curtain stone, light -shimmers, silk cloud mother, black, black, black, black, and black The mineral composition of Yunmu and vermiculite. The microscope identification jade contains a variety of etching minerals, which is petrified, green curtain petrochemical and transparent glitter. Jade contains various metal impurities gold ions), various colors of color), various colors The color of jade, green, white, mixed colors, purple, blue, yellow and other colors.
six, turquoise
The hidden crystal dense lump material contains copper, aluminum and water phosphate, usually produced in a shallow middle school mine. Most of the sky blue, dark blue, blue -green and green green white, strong wind. The soft waxy luster. Hardness is 6. 6 is 6. Hardness is 6. Hardness is 6. Hardness is 6. Hardness is 6. Hardness is 6. Hardness is 6. Hardness is 6. Hardness is 6. Hardness is 6. , Ratio of 2.62.8. The average discount rate is 1.61 to 1.63.
turmoil is also an ancient traditional jade in China. Ancient*discount historical books, new new stone artifacts in the new stone era, the statistics of turquoise decorations discovered by many people and the tomb of your family and cultural sites.
seven, agate
Tyine and a beautiful pattern have been decorated since ancient times. The unearthed jade articles, common agate beads, pendants.
Composition, sometimes a small amount of protein or crystal particles are also seen. Strictly speaking, there is no pattern and pattern characteristics. It cannot be said, agate, chalcedony. Agate "is the same meaning of ancient agate. Agate is pure white and contains other metal elements (such as Fe, Ni, etc.). Sometimes several colors are mixed or white. Agate block is transparent, translucent and opaque glass luster to wax -like luster. The hardness is 6.57 and the proportion is 2.65. The thickness and shape of the thickness and shape of the
are based on the pattern. It is divided into many varieties of patterns. The strip is "缟 agate", such as "agate" the most precious, called "red agate red pattern. In addition, there are "banded agate", "city agate" dumpling agate, moss agate ", Jinhong Agate", "Hezi Agate" variety of sauce agate "," sparse flower and water and cypress agate, the song is significantly reduced, the song is significantly reduced Agate, water gall agate (see Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica").
The "chalcedony" mode without pattern, there are many jade materials. According to different colors, agate, chalcedony (also known as English card stone), "light green chalcedony," bloodstone "(also known as bloodstone) and" jasper ".
agate, traditional jade in Hetian jade. The jade agate cups and agate beads unearthed from Nanjing North Yinyang Camp and other websites, agate beads, resisting the evil shape, 1.7 cm long. The tomb of the spring and autumn of Junan Dadian and the middle of the Jin Tomb of Shandong in Nanjing. The agate jewelry has also been discovered. It often contains square lipsticks, pyrite, and sometimes a small amount of permeability. The golden stone in the Qing Dynasty is 25 % to 40 % of the content of greenite minerals in Afghanistan. Jade is a unique blue, dark blue, light blue,, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue, light blue. Quanqing blue opaque glass to oil luster, 5.5 hardness, 2.72.9. The color is dark blue and thick, but it is not black. It is called "green gold". It is called "Jiang Bo", which contains pale blue and white square lipsticks (generally excluding yellow iron ore).
nine, Pitter's Shangdianzi-Motcy
"Reading the Minutes of History Fang publicity", Volume 16: "Tianzhu Mountain, 50 years in the west of the state (Ankang County, Xing'an Shaanxi Province) In the double tin, more than 20 vulnerabilities of the Tang and Song dynasties have taken wonders, which are close to the beginning of next year. "Xia Xiangrong believes that the history of ancient hair in ancient China:": "was no exception when Yuan Dai Pitosine was not on Daduki Tin. "This is because the turquoise (Uenianzi) is generally symbiosis with the peacock (green, also known as" malachite green "). Silicon peacock is often symbiosis with the malachite. Because of the known symbiotic" BI-tin Peacocks, 锡-tin "or" two-way Shangdianzi "may refer to the hardness of the malachite.
The malachite is a secondary oxide mineral area on the oxide mineral. It is named after a huge creamy creamy, leather -like and concentric strips. 4 to 6, the usual ratio is 3.94. The symbiosis with brown iron ore, square lipstick, manganese soil, chalcedony, silicon peacock stone.
The triba is also a secondary mineral and bronze ore of the most changing effects of the hot alkaline silicate solution, green, blue -green to blue sky. , Earth -shaped or grape -shaped. 24 hardness, 2 to 2.24. The ratio of the opaque glass of peacocks and earth -shaped luster
In a large number of archeological materials, the traditional jade materials of the jade articles unearthed, But the precious gems unearthed. Now, the overview of 10 gems of some important gems is as follows:
diamond mineral name diamond and other shafts, mostly octagonal body, diamond duplex and hexadicate chemistry The ingredients are carbon, the hardness is 10, the ratio is 3.53.6, and the refractive index is 2.40 2.48 ... In the 18th century, the only producer in India in the world diamonds. Brazil diamonds found in 1728, and Africa diamonds were quilt. Discovered in 1850. The output of Shandong diamonds in China, it means that history is only 2 or three hundred years. The earliest diamonds unearthed in China should be the time of Tianzhu.
Themae and sapphire are the names of rigid jade minerals. Trilleys crystal, crystals are often in buckets, cone, plates, columnaries, irregular crystals, often there are oblique patterns on the surface Or stripes, hardness, a gravity of 3.95 to 4.10, folding index: n0 = 1.767 to 1.772, n0 = 1.759 to 1.763, the re -admission current rate from 0.008 to 0.009 Mixed metal chromium red, mixed iron, titanium, manganese, etc. Other colors. Today, the gem and jewelry industry, except ruby? Transparent red, other colors of transparent crystal gangsters (making gems), Chen Jie "sapphire". For example, yellow ", yellow sapphire, green," green sapphire. R. n
The special varieties, known as "Star Waste" and "Starlight Smurra" Ruby and Sapphire. This gem is generally opaque or nearly translucent, refined into curved gemstones on the top surface of the curved surface. The six radial light bands are like a shiny star.
The ruby said that ancient China has "red thorn," red "," Ballas "house. It has always been called a real gem of "Ballas ore" titled "spinel". Sapphire, "howling" said that the ancient Chinese, "howling" in ancient times, he also refers to the name of other blue or green gemstones. In recent years, in eastern and southern China, sapphires and rubies in origin? Not yet found. Maybe from Thailand, Myanmar, Sri Lanka sapphire, ruby, ruby is likely to come from Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, and discovered ancient tombs.
The emerald writer Tao Zongyi called "Help Water Tree Decoration.
Emerald, which generally refers to the transparent green pillar mineral crystals of the color. In color, they have their own names, such as sky blue sea sapphire, yellow -green "olive sapphire, pure yellow" golden jadeite light red "rose emerald. Chromium, the color of the color is darker green or green, the emerald is made up.
The unique emerald green crystal is mixed with chromium ions. The three -chromium daily chromium content is 0.15 % to 0.20 %, and the crimson green tritenurt chromium content is as high as 0.50.6 %. Crystals are often hexagonal. Hardness is 7.5, and the proportion is 2.71. Transparent, glass luster. Folding index: 0.006 = 1.585 = 1.579; heavy discount rate. The crystals are often defective, and the performance is mostly a small piece of luster. It is also known as the "cicada wings. Emerald's beautiful color. As a jewelry inlaid item, it is often designed in the field of art and craftsmanship because of refining into a plate or staircase electricity price.
The jadeite discovered. In the 1920s, South Africa (Azania), Zimbabwe, and Brazil had been found in a large emerald mine. (SAR). In addition, India, Tanzania, and Zambia also produced emeralds. The origin of the jadeite that China has not found. R n is commonly known as "cat's eye" and is also called "lion -negative", which means the meaning of the lion carried. This gem is produced in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), which is also known as "Ceylonin Stone.
The mineral name of Cat's Eye Stone Mineral Science. The parallel -distributed pores in this gemstone are processed into precepts (commonly known as waist round), which can be brightened.
The is difficult to test in our historical books. Zhang Hongzhao listed the language of the enamel ring in "Shiya"; the fairy tales of the lion's fairy tales ... the experience of the cloud, the peony steel in the cloud, hidden together. "Here" the lion's earlier cat -eye stones remain to be verified. At present, the protein stones unearthed in Qianlong Tomb of the Qing Dynasty; the quality of the golden tower on the top of the Golden Tower of the Treasure Museum of the Palace Museum is not good. The first time to enter is still the ancient and modern protein in China in Sri Lanka input.
This Tourmaline Qinghui Code "Volume 4:13, known as" Import Bi Mo (Wang Ya) (Wang Si) (Wang Si) "," Museum to see the "Dianhai" Yu Hengzhi said: " "Bixia Crooked", "Bixia's import volume (rate)," Bitson ";" Guli "call" Bixia hope. At the beginning, the jewelry dealers in the Beijing market were usually called "tourmaline" and "green or all" tourmaline gems. In the process of this tourmaline, the name of the colorful tourmaline gemstone.
The composition of electrical stone minerals is quite complicated. Hardness is 77.5, and the proportion is 2.983.05. Depending on different colors, such as "red tourmaline, green tourmaline, Ms. Huang likes", "brown tourmaline and tourmaline, cat eye stone". Crimson is commonly known as "double pink, light red, commonly known as" single pink. Electric stone products are collected in the Treasure Museum of the Palace Museum. There are a lot of various colors, most of which are bright and Qing Dynasty. Electric stone produces a historical record of Myanmar. The most famous tourmaline now comes from Altay, Xinjiang in China, but the mining is not not noticed.
The tense teeth Ukraine is also known as the name of Ziya Ukraine. The Ceylon ruby said: "Yellow, yellow garnet said, the emerald green karlet is also known as" Ural emerald. "The unearthed purple gems unearthed. The Dark Red to purple -red gemstones of the Treasure Museum of the Palace Museum are mostly purple -tooth black gems, but the source of unknown sources. The middle layer of Altay, Xinjiang, Xinjiang, is currently known as red, yellow, and green pomegram gems. In addition, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province also found a red garnet gemstone.
Stronelite ruby inlaid Britain and Russia on the crown, and some are spinels. The "Black Prince Ruby, which weighs 389 carats in the central inlaid in the central inlaid of the Queen Grand Crown of the United Kingdom, and contains a large spinel gemstone in the gemstone dictionary of Jimiwu. In the 17th century, 120,000 rubles were purchased from Beijing.
The spinels often have the glass gloss of octopus. The hardness is 3, and the proportion is 3.54.06. The average refractive index n = 1.717. The spinel is a homogeneous mineral. The difference between it and ruby? (Red Gang Jade) The shape and hardness of the other different crystals, observe (orthogonal polarizing) under polarizing microscope, rotate, and its brightness and black (anti -light phenomenon) change compared to the edge of this book, namely, ruby, spinel gemstone when the spinel gemstone is gemstone. It is black (full light).
The green spinels of emerald green. Foreign descent Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Australia.
The stretch of stretching stone minerals was named after the Labrado coast of Canada. It is known that there are long -term lunar stones and transformed lottery stretching 2. Magnesium iron minerals are species of oblique stone, including 3550 % of long steel molecules and 5075 % and tungsten potassium long stone molecules. Ingredients -It may be a small amount of potassium long stone. The crystal is a plate -like or printing roller. Precise to translucent, some more transparent, glass luster. The hardness is 66.5, and the gravity is 2.67 to 2.72. The color of the journey of the Magic Magnote or Pulse mixed inch is like the color of the moonstone "Moonlight Cold Autumn" (gemstone rotates, and the color gradually changes in "journey color"). The variable color stretch the direction of the color change of the white blue light source (that is, "change color").
Te Zhang Hongzhao Shiya "China" and the stretch of gemstones, mainly based on the changes in the color of the account "; HERSBIT" account in the late Tang Dynasty. Du Yuzhou said: The "HERSBIT" side, based on Pitt, depends on its color. "Stretching and colorful white Pitt, instead of pondering, this color change is difficult to discover that ordinary people are difficult to find, so Li Pu Debao.
Record. Emperor Qin Shihuang was processed into jade seals and was deleted and passed on to the post -Tang Congke (Emperor Wasan). He left Shi Jingzheng to colludgerate the Khitan people to attack Luoyang. Missing HERSBIT here.
The fluorite in 1978 was the first "Hamdu excavation report for archeological unearthed jade articles". Xia Xiangrong and others believe that this is obviously the best fluorite. The transparent crystal of fluorite is called the soft crystal jewelry industry in China. The chemical composition of fluorite, calcium fluoride, often contain impurities such as crickets, crickets, rare earth elements. The crystal is a cube or octopus. White, green, yellow, blue and other colors. Hardness, a gravity of 3.18. The refractive index is 1.433 to 1.435. The ingredients of uranium contains green fluorescence. Strong phosphorus light is "Night Pearl", according to historical records. According to legend, the night pearls of snake -eye stone fireflies in ancient India are half a feet away from it at night. Seeing printing can borrow its light. "The history, science and technology of Li Joseph's" history, science and technology ": The night pearls of the ancient Chinese loved Syria are also called" peacock warm stone ". It is said that the crown of the Empress Dowager Cixi "9 Night Pearls, Four lost the people. Not long ago, the night pearl discovered by Luoyang, Shaanxi Fufeng County, the night pearls found in it, they did not find any gem. In the second edition of the second edition of "Our Discovery Night Pearl" on June 3rd, it was reported that in Guangdong Province, a fluorite of strong phosphorus light was also found in the tungsten ore fluorite mining plant, which can be described as a modern night pearl. The ancient legends and records of glowing pearls do exist, but they are also origin.
The crystal products unearthed with jade articles accompanied by crystals are common and often unearthed from the tombs of the Warring States Period.
The chemical composition of crystal silica, geometric shape of quartz crystal. Hardness, 2.65. Poly, transparent, purple, pink, brown, black and other colors. Color and certain impurities, yellow crystals contain super -display micro micro Status glue -shaped iron oxide; ink crystals may be radiated with radium radiation, rosy, ruddy ostellar oxide and silicon hydroxide; the micro state is pink iron iron ore bag, which may be because boron contains black Ink crystals may contain more impurities.
In except for the color of crystal amethyst, yellow crystal (fake yellow jade), yellow crystal and ink products, they are also divided into hair crystals (various types Kid mineral package) Water tank crystal. Pink block, hibiscus said. Crystal's ancient water jade essence, many names are attached to white, dried for one year, glass, purple difficulty, red quartz, green quartz, crystal. Crystal. Crystal. The variety of varieties is also older. In addition, many of our provinces produced Daqin and Persian old input.
As far as I know, the rock does not produce jade, I am a rock, and my hometown has granite and limestone.