How to identify A goods, B and C goods?

1. A goods
The raw materials and finished products of jade are all real products. High -end emerald is property, value preservation, and investment. Not only material wealth, but also spiritual wealth. Because such high -end jade products are very scarce and fewer and fewer. As a result, many people doing jade trade rarely encountered such products. Its price rises, the highest -grade jade products.
2, B goods
This is gray and dirty, water (transparency), but the green and colorful middle and lower jade raw materials or finished products are treated for physical and chemical treatment. Remove its dirt, increase its water, change it to the bottom and water, and better set off the original green. This kind of jade that has no artificial color is called B goods. The physical and chemical treatment of goods B is to improve the grade of jade.
3, C cargo
The processing method is the same as B goods. The difference is colorless, green, light or green. The difference between goods B and C goods is that the B goods only remove dirty, water -increased, but not artificially coloring, while the C goods sometimes be artificially colored in addition to the dirty water and the water. Essence
Extension information:
The difference between jade A goods and B goods
1, color differences
a goods are uniform in color, consistent tone, and clear color, and there is no mixing with other mixed colors.
b cargo jade color is empty, color is dull, and has a certain impurities.
2, the difference between the bottom
a the jade gym of the cargo jade, there is no impurities and dark spots.
b The crystalline small pieces are often inside the jade.
3, the difference between water
a jade surface will be very smooth and warm, and there will be no capillary cracks.
B of jadeite is washed by acid, and it will appear like a line like a "small fine hair sticking to the woolen coat".
4, the difference between work
a jadeite has a unique and distinctive shape.
B of the shape of the jadeite is mostly machine gynecology, with the same shape.
Reference information Source:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Jade

The basic method of identification of ancient Chinese jade

Regarding ABC goods, it is mainly for jadeite:
a Naturally without treatment
b pickles
C dyeing treatment

n
(1) The difference between nephrite and emerald

I often hear that there are "Hetian jade", "Taiwan jade", "Canadian jade"; and "sheep fat white jade" The names of "Jade Jade", "Jade", "Mo Jade", and other names, they belong to the collection of "nephrite" in minerals. "Nephi" has not been seen in ancient Chinese classics, and it is derived from modern minerals. Rate jade is a special collection of corner glittering minerals. According to its color, nephrite can be divided into: white jade, green jade, jasper, ink jade, yellow jade, sugar jade and other important varieties. The differences between nephrite and jadeite are:
1. The color of nephrite is relatively uniform, with white, dark green, black green, etc., without fresh green.
2. Stewed jade is oil -luster and no green.
3. The proportion of nephrite (3.00) slightly lower than the proportion of jadeite.
4. The refractive index of nephrite (1.62) is also slightly lower than the refractive index of jadeite.

(2) The difference between "Malay jade" and emerald

80, a green and uniform jadeite appeared in the jade market, beaded or ring noodles made , I used to deceive a lot of people, thinking that it was "rare high -end emerald". What is this jade? This jade is called Malaysian jade (referred to as Ma Yu, also known as "Malay Cui"), which is just the name. Malaysian jade is not produced in Malaysia. It is a fake jadeite name that India and Pakistani businessmen brought into the border of Yunnan in the early days of the mainland. Malay jade is actually a kind of extremely fine -grained quartz rock dyed, but there are obvious differences from emerald:
1. Observe the naked eye, the color of Malaysian jade is too bright and unnatural.
2. The proportion of jade in Malaysia is 2.65, and the proportion of more than emerald is 3.24 ~ 3.43.
3. The average refractive index of Malaysian jade is 1.55, which is lower than the refractive index of jadeite.
4. The color will not become red under the Charles filter, but the dyeing agent can be observed under ten times the mirror, that is, the color is very floating, which is the phenomenon of dyeing.

(3) The difference between Australian jade (green chalcedony) and emerald

Australian jade, also known as Nanyang jade, is named for Australia. Because of the green color, people are loved. It has certain light transmission, fine particles, and low price, once confused some people. In fact, it is a crystal SiO2, which is called chalcedony or stone plants in minerals. Australian jade cannot be called jade strictly. It should be a green chalcedony. Its appearance is quite like emerald, but the differences from jadeite are:
1. Green, very similar to plastic.
2. With amplifying mirror observations, Australian jade never sees green.
3. The proportion of Australian Jade than 2.60 (3.24 ~ 3.43) is much lighter.
4. The refractive index of Australian jade is 1.55, which is lower than the refractive index of jadeite.

(4) The difference between Dongling jade and emerald

The common in jewelry market with medium green (its depths change), semi -transparent beads ( There are occasional carvings), because there is a certain green, the price is not high, and it is favored by many ladies. What exactly is this kind of beads? Asked the seller, he replied, "This is the Dongling jade produced by India." Dongling jade, also known as Dongling Stone, was earlier in India, so it is also known as "Indian Jade". There are also output in Henan, China, and some people call it "dense jade", but the correct name should be Yaoshi. The differences between Dongling jade and jadeite are:
1. Use see -through light. It can be seen that there is a parallel green chromium cloud mother film in Dongling jade. Looking at it, a "green line" is often formed. Observation under Charles filtering, green chromium cloud mother was red.
2. The proportion of Dongling jade is 2.65, which is much smaller than the proportion of jadeite. You can weigh it with your hands. 3. The average refractive index of Donglingyu is 1.55, which is lower than the refractive index of jadeite.

(five) The difference between water mill (sodium long stone jade) and emerald

in recent years, in Kunming, Ruili, Tengchong and other large cities in Kunming, Yunnan in recent years In the jewelry market, a "ice species" jade that is very good, transparent or translucent, is generally white or gray white, with less white spots and ribbons, and the distribution is uneven. This kind of jade is located in Yunnan. Known as "water", the band with a blue tone is called "water -fluttering blue flower", which is often processed into bracelets, pendants and carvings in the Taiwan market. In fact, the main mineral ingredients of "water mill" are sodium, followed by a small amount of pyroxoplasm minerals and corner glitter minerals. Simple identification can adopt the following methods:

1. Apricate observation method: Water mills are mainly composed of sodium long stone, not appearing emerald, and more white stone brain or cotton.
2. Hand method: The proportion of water mills (2.57 ~ 2.64) is much smaller than the proportion of emeralds.
3. Determine refractive index method: The refractive index of water mills (1.52 ~ 1.54) is far less refractive index than emerald.
In short, if you understand the characteristics of jadeite, you can master the difference between jadeite and similar stone

Teach you a simple method:
1. Looking in the sun, there are some cloud -like things in the jade, like cotton wool.
2, the hardness of jade is very high, like diamonds, so you can draw a trace on the glass.
3, the jade is cold, put a head on the jade, burns with a lighter, and keeps the jade's hair continuously.

It category:
It jade can be divided into nephrite and ligament. The two are two different minerals. The color of nephrite is translucent white, yellow, green, and black, and the color distribution is evenly distributed. As for the hard jade, it mainly includes white, purple, yellow and green, etc. The uniformity of color distribution will vary in different types of quality.

The vast majority of produced in China is nephrite, while "sheep fat and white jade" is a treasure in nephrite. The texture is delicate and white. Carved.

The main producing areas of hard jade are Myanmar, which is rare than nephrite. Because hard jade is better than nephrite in all aspects of jade, color and price, the jade jewelry on the market is mainly made of riffing jade, and consumers' demand is very large, so it will focus on introducing hard jade -emerald.

This Emerald:
This Emerald should pay attention to color and germination. Among them, it can be subdivided into color, transparency, clarity, cutting, and cracking. Generally, it will start with its color.

Ilvas
It color is the most important factor affecting the value of emerald. It can be evaluated from the following four cities:

Net to be pure: purely refers to what is referred to The proportion of the main color and secondary color of the jadeite is based on green emerald. The pure green is the best, the green or yellow or blue is the worst, and the gray is the worst.
The denseness: On the depth of the color, of course, the thicker the better.
It is clear: the more bright and bright the color of the jadeite, the more attractive it is. The more the ratio of the gray or black, the darker the color.

transparentness
The transparency of emerald affects the refraction of light, which affects the overall beauty. When the light enters the transparent and delicate jadeite, it will reflect the beautiful light, which makes people feel the crystal transparency of the jadeite, which greatly increases its beauty. On the contrary, if the light encounters a lowly transparent and rough jadeite, it will reflect the rigid light, which greatly reduces the attractiveness of the emerald.

If off the clarity
The clarity refers to the flaws contained in the emerald, which are mainly white and black, which are caused by other minerals contained in emeralds. Relatively speaking Essence The less impurities in the emerald, the better.

The cutting
The processing span body and carving of jadeite finished products. Because the finished product is not covered on the surface, the requirements for raw materials are high. Except for cracks, the proportion of cutting, the thickness of the product, and the symmetry of the product are also very important, which is enough to affect the appearance of the emerald making finished product. For example, the well -cut "egg noodles" should not be too thick or too thin.
The evaluation flower parts mainly measure the beauty and the fineness of carving. Generally, cracks are treated with carving to cover up its flaws.

Crack
The cracks can greatly reduce the value of emerald. If the emerald jewelry has a crack, a little collision may crack along the crack. Therefore, you need to be careful when buying emerald jewelry. Generally speaking, it is easy to notice whether the cracks exist with flashlights.

The high -quality jadeite can sell considerable prices, but the supply in the market is limited. Some merchants do not hesitate to make better profits for the artificial processing process for jadeite. So A, B, and C goods appeared on the market.

If artificial treatment of emerald
C goods
c refers to the fake color jade that is artificially color. The method is to penetrate the chromosome into the original colorless emerald by high temperature and high pressure, so that all or partial or partially dye emerald green or purple, but its color will fade and dumb over time.

B of goods
B of goods refers to clearing the surface defects, impurities and yellow parts of the surface of the surface with chemical methods, only the original green and white element, and then epoxy resin, and then epoxy resin The adhesive injection of jade is used as consolidation, making the whole emerald look more transparent and the color is more vivid. Because the internal jade has been destroyed during the chemical treatment process, and the structure becomes loose, the B goods can easily expose cracks on the surface. In addition, the chromosomal agent is added during the treatment process as B C.

The natural jadeite
a goods
a refers to natural emeralds that are completely without artificial chemistry.
This predecessors of our jewelry industry, in the long -term emerald processing and production practice, summarized a lot of experience in emerald, and expressed these characteristics of jadeite in the form of motto. Remember these words, and understand and appreciate the profound connotations, and benefit for life.

does not observe color under the light
In fact, no jewelry should be evaluated under the quality of color under the light. For jadeite, this is particularly important. This is because of the color of emerald, especially the color of jadeite, flashes, light blue, and oily green. The visual effect under the light is much better than the color under the natural light. Therefore, you can only look at the cracked emerald under the light, look at the length of the water head, and see the degree of reflection or other characteristics. In the natural light, look at and evaluate the green of jadeite.

The color difference is ten times, the price difference is ten times
For high -end jadeite, the price difference is ten times more than the end. For example: a 500,000 yuan emerald ring noodles and a 5 million yuan emerald ring noodles, the quality of the jadeite quality, size, water, and defects are all first -class. The key to the difference is the high and low green. And how to understand and distinguish between jade green is extremely important, at least you have to see and experience it. "Looking more" is a process of choice for buying emerald rough stones; it is a process of comparison; it is also a process of accumulating and verifying experience; it is the prerequisite for buying 〃 〃. "Buy less" is not to not buy, but reminds you to "see" and then buy it. "Ning buy a line and not buy a large piece" For the green shape characteristics of the emerald rough, the "one line" is green and the "one large" leather green is the same green shape. It is " The difference between "standing" and "film". The thickness of the "line" is known, and the depth is unknown; the area of ​​"film" is known, and the thickness is unknown. The key to the motto is to remind people not to be confused by the green "more" and "less" on the surface of the emerald surface, and recognize the nature of green "standing" and "lying". Therefore, it is not true that you do n’t buy a large green emerald, but you are reminded not to have excessive extravagance of the thickness of the green.

The ancient jade appraisal:

. Craft trace identification
, oxidation identification
. , Art level identification
.

The is divided into (1), and the styling is false. (2) Jade, jade material discern (3), decorative false (4), style discrimination.

The sigh of sighs, Qin color identification focuses on learning and understanding the color changes between the ancient jade in various storage environments and the utensils that are touched. The natural quality changes to color change. We are usually called "Qin Se". If ancient jade is placed in a red lacquerware, it may be affected by red, and the black paint may produce black Qin and buried in the loess. Observations at strong white lights, Qin color is usually produced in weak or naturally explained, and crickets in the jade contact site. Then expand the penetration along the explanation or crack part, severe soaking the whole device, which is called "full immersion (Qin)". After the game, the color is bright, and most of the color color is red -white to red. The important point is that under normal circumstances, the true color of the authenticity is relatively single; the color is darker, and the more chaotic and bright colors are doubtful. Even though jade has a query and crack, it is not a contact site, and it may not have a color. The use of chemical or physical methods to imitate Qin color is usually full. There are also local Qin, which are characterized by more color color. Fire fake Qin may not necessarily be carried out at the weakness or cracks of jade. Observe this through strong white lights. However, it is useful to falsify the color of the laser along the jade or the cricket. Another point is that the storage environment of jade or jade can be dense. See color: Natural emerald color is natural, uneven distribution, green direction is extended, generally no fluorescence.

The polishing surface: The polishing surface of natural jadeite is delicate, smooth, and a strong glass luster with fat. If you observe it carefully on the polishing surface, you can usually see the spots like spots. Under normal circumstances, the size of the same jadeite spots is uniform; at the same time, it can be seen that the slightly translucent white fiber crystals are commonly known as "stone flowers".

Listening to the sound: Gently hit the natural emerald, which made a crispy and pleasant sound. If it is artificial processing, it makes a low dull sound.
In addition, due to the high density of the jadeite, when using the hand, it feels like a thug; At the same time, experts remind consumers that when buying a higher price of jewelry and jade, they must choose regular, well -known jewelry stores or larger and reputable shopping malls. Also remember to ask the merchant to write the jewelry and jade appraisal certificate with the "CMA" and "CAL" logo. Usually, each of the more precious jewelry and jade has a certificate. photo.

It -priced jade moisturizing, transparent, and oil feeling, squeezing in the hand has a gentle feeling. The main identification method of authenticity is to use the amplifier or microscope to see the fiber interwoven structure inside the jade, and the granularity is fine; the artificial glass has no structure, and it can be seen that the bubbles can be seen. You can also use the knife in the unique place of jade. The carved is fake jade, and it is true jade that can't be engraved. As the saying goes, "gold is priceless." As the Hetian jade of Shangpin is getting scarce, it can reach tens of thousands to 100,000 yuan per kilogram, and the average Qinghai white jade and Russian white jade, such as one kilogram, are only thousands of yuan, so some people will mix this Hetian jade. These jade is basically the same as the minerals of Hetta jade, but the surface color is darker and not soft, and the time will be even more dim.

Old jade and Xinyu can be identified from two aspects. The surface of the old jade has a layer of oxidized jade skin, commonly known as "packed pulp", like the skin of autumn pear, and the natural color of jade. The obvious difference, and Xinyu is not. From the perspective of the subject matter of carving, ancient jade is a symbol of grades and rights, with myths of flowers, birds, and characters, such as dragons and phoenixes. The new one is generally auspicious theme.
It since ancient times, jade has formed an inextricable bond with Chinese culture.
people's hobbies for jade are not just a crystal clear, colorful, and pleasing accessories, because jade has a wealth effect, a hard currency, and has great appreciation potential. In gemstones, people divide it into two categories: jade and narrow jade. There are only two types of jade, namely emerald (also known as hard jade) and nephrite. According to the different colors: it is divided into white jade, white jade, jasper, and ink jade, other such as agate, cashmere, sacrum, turquoise, green stone, etc. Wait, all belong to ordinary jade. The most important thing is that there are three levels of identification problems in buying emerald and nephrite.

Is it true that jadeite or nephrite
. You must know that there are a large number of counterfeit products that seem to be emerald and nephrite in today's market. Some of them are completely different from jadeite and nephrite, but there are some similar natural substitutes in appearance, such as Australian jade, sodium long stone jade (commonly known as water foam), Wulan Cuima jade, etc., which can be used to impersonate jadeite. Wait; can be used to pretend to be white jade, Afghanistan white jade, Han white jade, and so on. Although these alternatives are very similar to the genuine product and have a certain value, they may not be compared with the authenticity in terms of market prices because their quality is not as good as the real product or because they are relatively rich in the production of nature. Buying it as a natural emerald or white jade is naturally to be fooled. Some of the imitation are completely artificially imitated, such as using green glass to impersonate jadeite and other

to distinguish the jade of others to beautify
"These two kinds of jadeite materials are real natural jadeite, but their original materials are relatively poor. In order to improve its ornamental and decorativeness, people have beautified them to varying degrees. Among them, cargo emerald is to wash some emeralds with low original transparency and darkest color, and wash them with strong acids, so that some impurities are washed away, achieving the purpose of improving transparency and making color more gorgeous. But in this way, the intensity of jadeite is damaged, and the resin curing agent is needed into the emerald under vacuum conditions to improve its strength. So B is actually pickled with jets. Although this emerald is very good or decorative, after all, its strength is damaged and has a durable defect. Therefore, it is naturally not comparable to the real natural A cash emerald in terms of price. C cargo jadeite is a lower -grade emerald. It has no beautiful color. The color that I see now is artificially dyed, so it has a lower price. Bai Yu is simpler than emerald on this issue. The common thing is to give it a local sugar color (brown like red sugar) to pretend to be a higher price of white jade.

The quality of jade quality
This is a more complicated topic, involving several evaluation factors. The first is color. For jadeite, it is better to use pure emerald green. The closer to the green, the closer to the requirements, the higher the value, and the higher the value, and the white jade is best for white as sheep fat. In addition, it depends on the quality of their brightness; whether the texture structure is dense and delicate; whether there are impurities and cracks, and how much these impurities and cracks are, 堑 堑: τ 此? It depends on their block size; more needed; Seeing that they work well, whether they are from the hands of famous artists, whether they are leftover from ancient times, and so on. Due to the differences in the above factors, the two completely natural emeralds or white jade of the same size will be different in price.

In fact, the best way to avoid being deceived is that when you buy jade, you ask merchants to provide an authoritative certificate for the jade. If not, then you should ask him to clearly and in detail the correct name of the purchased product. In this way, if you buy it, if you ask the appraisal department to conduct an appraisal and find that the name of the goods you purchase is inconsistent, you can return the goods to the merchant. If the invoice is vaguely written, such as the word "jade" in general, then even if you identify the natural A jade or white jade you want to buy, but the B or C coded emerald, even the jade or jade or even the jade or even the jade. In other jade, the merchant will also say that he has not deceived you, because the product does use the jade made of jade. At this time, you have to lose dumb.