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quartz crystal jewelry wholesale Stocks are securities issued by shares to investors to prove their shareholders' rights and investment shares in the company, and to obtain dividend revenue. The holder of the stock is shareholders. It has a part of the ownership of the joint -stock company in law, and enjoys certain rights and obligations of business management. At the same time, it assumes the company's operating risk. Each shares represent the ownership of the shareholders to the enterprise. Stocks are part of the capital company's capital. They can be transferred, traded or priced, and are the main long -term credit tools in the capital market. (Specific stock trading operation methods and various introduction can look at the information below) Basic learning videos of stocks electronic books and other Baidu cloud network disk resources download link: PAN./S/17nh ---- W ? PWD = 2D72 extract code: 2d72 The content of this resource includes all inclusive includes: stock foundation, stocks, actual stocks, funds, fund investment, investment, financial management, financial management, boss financial management, etc. All kinds of direction of network lessons and other book documents are sorted and summarized.
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[Stock Concept]
Stocks are shares issued by shares to investors when raising capital. Stocks represent the ownership of its holders (that is, shareholders) to the company. This ownership is a comprehensive right, such as participating in shareholders' meetings, voting voting, and participating in the company's major decisions. Get dividend or share dividends. The ownership of the company represented by each stock of the same category is equal. The size of the company's ownership shares owned by each shareholder depends on the proportion of the total number of shares it holds. Stocks can generally be paid for sale and sale. Shareholders can recover their investment through stock transfer, but the company cannot be required to return its investment. The relationship between shareholders and the company is not the relationship between debt and debt. Shareholders are the owners of the company. They are limited to the company's limited liability for their capital, bear risks, and share income.
A as the result of human civilization, joint -stock systems and stocks are also applicable to my country's socialist market economy. Enterprises can raise funds to the society through public offering of stocks for production and operation. The state can control more resources by controlling most equity methods. Currently in Shanghai. Most of the companies listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange are national holding companies.
[Stock Nature]
The stock holders to regularly get the income from the stock company with the stock company. Stocks are just ownership of the actual capital owned by a joint -stock company, but only represent the right to obtain income, and it is a voucher for future returns. A virtual capital.
[Origin of stocks]
has a history of nearly 400 years. Stocks are the products of socialized large -scale production. As human society has entered a period of socialized production, the contradiction between the expansion of the business scale of the enterprise and the insufficient capital demand is increasingly prominent, so the corporate organizations that have appeared in the form of a joint -stock company and the changes and development of the joint -stock company; the changes and development of the joint -stock company company The financing activities of stock forms have been generated; the development of stock financing has generated the demand for stock transactions; the demand for stock transactions has contributed to the formation and development of the stock market; and the development of the stock market finally promotes stock financing activities and the improvement of stock companies. develop. Therefore, the cooperation and interaction of stock companies, stock financing and stock markets promote the common development of joint -stock companies, stock financing and stock markets.
The earliest stocks appeared in capitalist countries. At the beginning of the 17th century, with the development of capitalist industries, the scale of enterprise production and operation continued to expand. As a result, the shortage of capital, insufficient capital became one of the important factors restricting the operation and development of capitalist enterprises. In order to raise more capital, the corporate organization that shares in the form of a joint -stock company, which is jointly funded by shareholders, and then expanded the scope of capital to society to society, generating an investor investment in investors and investing in shares, and pressed by pressing the shares, and pressed it in accordance with the shares, and pressed it according to the stock, and pressed it according to the shares. The size of the capital contribution can enjoy a certain amount of equity and a certain responsibility, and publicly issue it to the society to absorb and concentrate the funds scattered in the society. The earliest joint -stock company system was born in 1602, East India, which was established in the Netherlands. After the emergence of corporate organizations such as shares Co., Ltd., they quickly used wide use of capitalist countries and became one of the important forms of corporate organizations in capitalist countries. Along with the birth and development of the stock company, the investment in fund -raising in the form of stocks has also been developed, and the need for transaction transactions to transfer stocks. In this way, the emergence and formation of the stock market has been promoted, and the stock market is improved and developed. According to literature, as early as 1611, some businessmen had conducted stock trading in the Netherlands in Amsterdam in the Netherlands in the Netherlands, forming the world's first stock market, that is, stock exchanges. At present, the joint -stock company has become the most basic form of corporate organizations in capitalist countries; stocks have become an important channel and way of fundraising in capitalist countries, and they are also the basic choice of investors' investment; and stock issuance and market transactions have also been Become an important basic business content of the securities market of the capitalist country and become an indispensable part of the securities market.
[The role of stocks]
(1) Stock is a proof of capital contribution. When a natural person or legal person participates in the shares to invest in the company The voucher; (2) The holders of the stock to prove their shareholders' status as the shareholders' shareholders' meeting with their stocks, and express their opinions on the operation of the joint -stock company; (3) Stock holder Relying on the profit distribution of stock issuance companies, which is usually referred to as dividends, to obtain certain economic benefits.
[Stock Classification]
1. According to the listed area, it can be divided into: The stocks of Chinese listed companies include A shares, B shares, H shares, N shares and and The distinction between S shares. This distinction is based on the listing location of the stock and the investors facing.
A shares The formal name of A shares is RMB ordinary stocks. It is issued by companies in my country and for domestic institutions, organizations, or individuals (excluding Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao investors) that subscribe and transactions with RMB. In 1990, there were only 10 A -share stocks in my country to the end of 1997, and A shares increased to 720, with a total share capital of 164.6 billion, with a total market value of 175.29 billion yuan. The ratio is 22.7 %. In 1997, the annual transaction volume of A shares was 447.1 billion shares, and the annual transaction value was 30,29.5 billion yuan. After several years of rapid development of the A -share stock market in my country, the scale has begun to take shape. The main characteristics of A shares: (1) Issuing ordinary shares subscribed for RMB in my country in China. (2) The largest proportion of the stocks issued in the company's circulation stocks is also the stock with better liquidity, but the A shares of most companies are not the company's most issued stocks, because the current listed companies in my country are currently issued. In addition to A shares, most of the non -exchanges are non -exchanges or state -owned legal persons. (3) It is considered a stock that pays attention to the distribution of profitability and does not pay attention to management rights. This is mainly because people participating in A -share transactions in the stock market are more concerned about the difference in A -share buying and selling. It is not attentive to other rights it represents.
B shares also called RMB special stocks. Refers to those special stocks registered in mainland China and listed on mainland China. The face value is indicated by Renminbi, and it can only be subscribed and traded with foreign currency.
H shares , also known as state -owned enterprise stocks, refers to the stocks listed by state -owned enterprises in Hong Kong.
S shares refers to the core businesses such as the main production or operation in mainland China and the registered place of enterprises in Singapore or other countries and regions, but listed on the Singapore Exchange Listed corporate stocks.
N N shares refers to those foreign -funded stocks registered in mainland China and listed on New York.
2. According to profit, property distribution can be divided into
ordinary shares ordinary shares refer to ordinary shares in the company's business management, profitability and property distribution of property. The shares of the right represent the right to meet all the claims of all claims and the right to the rights of the priority shareholders and the right to claim the company's profit and the remaining property. It constitutes the foundation of the company's capital. The biggest, most important stock. The stocks currently traded on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange are ordinary shares. Ordinary stock holders enjoy the following basic rights according to the proportion of their shares: (1) The company's decision -making participation. Ordinary shareholders have the right to participate in the shareholders 'meeting, and have the right to propose, vote and election, and can also entrust others to act on behalf of their shareholders' rights. (2) profit distribution right. Ordinary shareholders have the right to get dividends from the company's profit distribution. The dividend of ordinary shares is not fixed, and the company's profitability and its distribution policy are determined. Ordinary shareholders must have the right to enjoy dividend distribution after the preferred shareholders obtain a fixed dividend. (3) Priority recognition of equity. If the company needs to expand and issue ordinary stocks, the existing common shareholders have the right to purchase a certain number of new issuance shares at a specific price lower than the market price at a specific price of its share price, so as to maintain its original ownership of the enterprise ownership. There is a proportion. (4) Residual asset distribution rights. When the company goes bankrupt or liquidated, if the company's assets are still left after repayment of debt, the remaining part will be allocated in the order of pre -pre -pre -pre -pre -shaped shareholders and general shareholders.
Preferred stocks are relative to ordinary stocks. It mainly refers to the rights of profit dividends and the distribution of remaining property. The priority stocks have two types of rights: a. When the company distributes profit, shareholders with preferred stocks are compared to shareholders holding ordinary stocks, allocated first, and enjoy a fixed amount of dividend, that is, priority shares, that is, priority shares The dividend rates are fixed, but the dividend of ordinary stocks is not fixed. Depending on the company's profitability, it depends on the company's profit. b. When the company disbands and allocates the remaining property, the preferred shares are allocated before ordinary shares.
3. According to the performance, it is also divided into:
ST stock ST shares refer to stocks that have been dealt with for two consecutive years of losses for two consecutive years;*ST Refers to the stocks that have lost money for three consecutive years in domestic listed companies. Refining the hat means that it was ST, and now it is removed.
This stock Chat stocks of companies that operate losses or violate regulations.
The performance shares The company's business is very good and the performance is very good. The income per share is more than 0.5 yuan. Occupy large companies with important dominance, excellent performance, active transactions, and strong dividends are called blue chip stocks.
4. It can be divided into:
① registered stocks and unknown stocks. This is mainly divided according to whether the stock is recorded. The name of the stock is the name of the shareholders in the stock. If the transfer is transferred, it must be transferred by the company. The unknown stock is the name of the shareholders who do not record the shareholders. If the transfer is transferred, it takes effect through delivery.
② Ticket face value stocks and ticket -free face value stocks. This is mainly divided according to whether the stock is remembered. There is a ticket value of the stock, which is the amount per share on the stock. Ticket -free face -value stocks are just the proportion of the total amount of stocks and the company's capital, or the total amount of the company's capital per share.
③ Single stock and plural stocks. This is mainly divided according to the number of shares expressed in the stock. A single stock means that each stock represents one. Multiple stocks refer to several stocks each stock.
④ ordinary stocks and special stocks. This is mainly divided according to the rights size of the stock. The dividend of ordinary stocks increases or decreased with the company's profit. Special stocks generally get fixed dividends in accordance with the prescribed interest rates, but their shareholders' voting rights are restricted. Special stocks are also called preferred stocks.
⑤ voting rights stocks and no voting stocks. This is mainly divided according to whether the stock holders have expansion. Ordinary stock holders have voting rights, and those holders who enjoy special benefits in some aspects are often restricted in voting rights. Shareholders who have no right to decide cannot participate in the company's decision -making.
[Basic features of the stock]
(L) cannot be repaid. Stocks are a kind of securities with free repayment period. After investors subscribe to stocks, they cannot ask for refund, and they can only be sold to third parties in the secondary market. The transfer of stocks only means that the company's shareholders' changes do not reduce the company's capital. From the perspective of the period, as long as the company exists, the stock it issues exists, and the term of the stock is equal to the period of the company's duration.
(2) Participation. Shareholders have the right to attend the shareholders' meeting, elected the company's board of directors, and participated in major decisions of the company. The investment will of stock holders and the economic interests of enjoyment are usually achieved by exercising shareholders' participation.
The rights size of shareholders to participate in the company's decision -making depends on the how much shares they hold. From a practice, as long as the number of shares held by shareholders reaches the actual majority required for the results of the decision -making results, You can master the company's decision -making control.
(3) benefits. The shareholders have the right to receive dividends or dividends from the company with their own shares and obtain the income of investment. The size of the dividend or dividend depends mainly on the company's profit level and the company's profit distribution policy.
The benefits of stocks are also manifested in the stock investors to obtain the spread of the price difference or realize the asset preservation and appreciation. Through low -priced buyers and selling stocks at high prices, investors can earn a spread profit. Take the stock of Coca -Cola as an example. If the company's stock is invested at $ 1,000 at the end of 1983, by July 1994, it would be able to sell at a market price of $ 11554 and earn more than 10 times the profit. When inflation, the stock price will rise as the company's original asset reset price rises, thereby avoiding the depreciation of assets. Stocks are usually regarded as investment objects that can be preferred during high inflation.
(4) Circulation. The liquidity of stocks refers to the trading of stocks between different investors. Circus is usually measured by the number of popular stocks, stock transactions, and the sensitivity of stock prices to transaction volume. The larger the number of circulating shares, the greater the transaction volume, the less sensitive the price is (the price will not change with the transaction volume), the better the liquidity of the stock, and the worse the otherwise. The circulation of stocks allows investors to sell stocks held in the market and obtain cash. Through the circulation of stocks and changes in stock prices, we can see people's judgments on the development prospects and profitable potential of related industries and listed companies.
The industries and companies that have attracted a large number of investors and the stock price in the circulation market can continuously absorb a large amount of capital into production and operation activities by increasing stocks, and received the effect of optimizing resource allocation.
(5) Price volatility and risk. Stocks are used as trading objects in the trading market. Like products, they have their own market conditions and market prices. Due to the influence of stock prices, such as the company's operating conditions, supply and demand relationships, bank interest rates, and public psychology, its fluctuations have great uncertainty. It is this uncertainty that may cause stock investors to suffer losses. The greater the uncertainty of price fluctuations, the greater the investment risk. Therefore, stocks are a high -risk financial product. For example, the international commercial machinery company (IBM), which is the world's computer industry (IBM), is as high as $ 170 per share when its performance is extraordinary. However $ 40. If you buy the stock at a high price at a time, it will lead to serious losses.
[System of Raidering and Falling Daily]
This System of the Dest -on Starting Study Foreign Securities Market. A trading system that only the price of the same day is appropriately restricted, that is, the maximum volatility of the transaction price on a trading day is a few percent of the closing price of the previous trading day, and the transaction is stopped after exceeding the time.
The current rising and falling system of my country's securities market was released on December 13, 1996, and it was implemented on December 26, 1996. It aims to protect the interests of investors, maintain market stability, and further promote the market Standardized. The system stipulates that, in addition to the first day of listing, the transaction price of stocks (including A, B shares) and fund securities within one trading day shall not exceed 10 % of the price closing price on the previous trading day. The commission is invalid.
The main difference between my country's rising and falling system and foreign system is that after the stock price reaches the rise and fall, it is not completely stopped transaction. until.
[Stock price]
The stock itself is worthless, but it can be sold as a commodity and has a certain price. Stock prices are also called stock markets, which does not mean the amount of stock tickets. The amount of stocks of stocks represents the amount of money capital invested, which is fixed; the stock price is changed, and it is often greater than or less than the stock. The sale of stocks is actually the right to obtain dividends in buying and selling. Therefore, the stock price is not the currency performance of the actual capital value it represents, but a capitalized income. Stock prices are generally determined by two factors: dividend and interest rates. For example, there is a stock with a volume of 100 yuan, which can get 10 yuan dividends each year, that is, 10%of the dividend, and the interest rate at that time was only 5%. Then, the price of this stock is 10 yuan ÷ 5%= 200 yuan Essence The calculation formula is:
The stock price = dividend/interest rate
can see that the stock price and dividend have changed the proportional ratio, and the inverse ratio of interest rates changes. If the business situation of a joint -stock company is good, the increase in dividends or the expected dividend will increase, and the stock price of the company will rise; otherwise, it will fall.
[Trading time of stocks]
The stock transaction time of stocks is:
Monday to Friday from 9:30 to 12 am, 1 pm in the afternoon, 1pm To three points. Twenty -off and Exchange announced the suspension of the market.
In 9: 15 ~ 9:25 AM is a collection bidding time. Investors can place an order. Between the limit board, the list entrusted before 9:30 was matched at 9:30 in the morning.
. If the price you entrusts cannot be traded on a trading day, you must re -order the order every other trading day.
[Trading fee for stocks]
stocks must receive fees for buying and selling. Smaller than or equal to 3 ‰ Starting point: 5 yuan It Shenzhen less than or equal to 3 ‰ starting point: 5 yuan stamp duty: 3 ‰ of the taxes received by the country. It's transfer fee of 1 yuan per 10,000 shares in Shanghai. Get 1 yuan when less than 1 yuan. Shenzhen does not charge household fees 5 yuan for entrustment fee (at per charging) S Shenzhen does not collect entrustment fees
[Basic term of stock]
E ratio: is an indicator for measuring the relative intensity of the traded trading period during a certain period of time. Its calculation formula is the computing formula = (the number of hand buying the hand -the number of hand -selling hand)/the number of hand -to -hand the number of hand -selling hand × 100 %. The value of the commissioning "value from -100 % to 100 %. If the" commission ratio "is a positive value, it means that the buyer is stronger and the larger the value, and the stronger the buying. For negative values, it means that the city road is weak.
The difference: The sum of the current buying volume of a certain variety to reduce the sum of the sales volume. The buyer is strong, and the negative number is heavier.
is the index of measured the relative transaction volume. It is the average transaction volume per minute after opening the market. The average ratio per minute per minute. The formula is: the volume ratio = the current transaction general hand/(the average transaction volume per minute in the past 5 days × the cumulative market time (score) of the day) It shows that the average transaction volume per minute on the day is greater than the average value of the past 5 days, and the transaction ratio is hot in the past 5 days; and when the volume ratio is less than 1, it means that the current transaction is not comparable to the average level of the past 5 days. n n n n n n n n n n n n n n R n The opening price In 9: 15--9: 25 AM is the gathering time of the collection. During the gathering period, the automatic matching system of the exchange is only stored without matching. When the bidding time is over, the matching system According to the principle of the collection bidding, the opening price will be generated on the day of the stock. According to the provisions of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, if a securities have no transaction within half an hour after the opening of the market, the closing price of the previous day is the opening price of the day. Without a transaction, the stock exchange proposes the price of the price based on the price trend entrusted by the customer to the price of the securities trading and prompts it as the opening price after the transaction. The price is the opening price.
The closing price The closing price refers to the transaction price of some kind of securities before the end of the conclusion of the stock exchange. The latest transaction price is used as the closing price, because the closing price is the standard of the market, and it is also the basis for the opening price of the next trading day. It can be predicted to predict the future securities market. Therefore As a basis for calculation.
The quotation This is the highest entry price or minimum price of traders on the securities market within a certain time. At the highest price, the entry price is the price of buyers willing to buy a certain securities, and the price is the price that the seller is willing to sell. In the securities exchanges, there are four types of quotes: one is the shout, the other is the gesture representation, the third is to fill in the record record table, and the fourth is to enter the electronic computer display.
n refers to the highest price of the price sold on the day. Sometimes the highest price is only one, sometimes more than one. The lowest price. Sometimes the lowest price is only one, sometimes more than one.
bull market Selling people, the stock market market is called a bull market. There are many factors for the formation of a bull market, mainly including the following aspects: ① economic factors: stock companies have increased profitability, economy is in a period of prosperity, interest rates, emerging industries, and mild inflation, etc., can promote the rise in stock market prices. ② political factors: government policies, laws and regulations, or political events that have occurred in mutations can cause stock prices to rise. ③ the factors of the stock market itself: If the issuance of the trend of buying, the short -selling transactions of the speculators, and the large number of large households purchase a large number of stocks can cause bull markets.
able bear markets The bear market is the opposite of the bull market. There are more sellers in the stock market than buyers, and the stock market is called a bear market. The factor that triggered the bear market is similar to the factors that trigger the bull market, but it is changed in the opposite direction.
Me large market Me large refers to the investor's optimistic about the stock market. It is expected that the stock price will be up. Out, to obtain differences. Generally speaking, people usually call the stock market that has long maintained a long -term stock market as a bull market. The main feature of the stock price of the long market is a series of rising and downward.
Ilads, short markets Ilands are investors and stockers who believe that the current stock price is high, but the stock market prospects are bad. It is expected that the stock price will fall. Sell, buy in a certain price to get the difference in benefits. The transaction method of using this first selling and buying and earning differences from it is called short. People usually call the stock market with a long -term decline in stock prices as the short market. The characteristics of the stock price of short markets are a series of strokes.
In short If investors predict the stock price will rise, but their own funds cannot purchase a large amount of stocks, so they pay part of the deposit first, and raise the bank through the broker to buy stocks. When the stock price rises to a certain price, it will be sold to obtain the difference.
This short selling This is that investors predict the stock price will fall, so they deliver the mortgage to the agent and borrow the stock to sell it first. When the stock price falls to a certain price, buy the stock, and then borrow the stock and get the difference from the difference.
A good advantage Cope refers to information that stimulates rising stock prices, such as improved operating performance in stock listed companies, decreased bank interest rates, sufficient social funds, relaxation of bank credit funds, market prosperity, etc., and other politics , Economy, military, diplomacy, etc. are favorable for the rise in stock prices.
The short -term Id empty refers to information that can promote the decline in stock prices, such as deteriorating operations of stock listed companies, bank tightening, bank interest rate increase, economic recession, inflation, natural disasters and human disasters, etc. Other politics, economic and military, diplomacy, etc. have promoted the disadvantage of stock price decline.
The long air The long air means long -term meaning. Investors are bad for the long -term prospects of the stock. It is expected that the stock price will continue to fall. After the borrowing stock sells, it will have to wait for the stock price to fall for a long time before buying, in order to obtain the profits.
The long long means long -term meant to make bulls. Investors are optimistic about the prospects of the stock potential. At present, after buying stocks, they are prepared to hold long -term holdings, with a view to the long -term rise of the stock price to obtain a high price difference.
Carding more Shanding more means to make the idea to make bulls. Investors are optimistic about the long -term prospects of the stock, buy stocks for a long time, and hold an idea. They will not make money or sell them. They will rather put them on a few years until the stock rises to an ideal price and sell it.
Ilands The stock price is affected by the profit or emptiness, and the phenomenon of beating up and down. When the stock price is affected by Libang, the opening price of the opening price on the day of the exchange is above the two declared units above the closing price of the previous day. When the stock price fell, the opening price or the highest price on the day was lower than the closing price of the previous day. Or in one day's transaction, rising or falling more than one application unit. The above stock price beating is called empty.
This empty The stock investors do short. After selling the stock, the stock price did not fall on the same day, but it rose, and had to lose money at a high price. This is the empty empty.
Stimeter The investors to bullish the prospect of the stock price and use their own capital strength to make multiple heads. Even if the stock price fell in the future, it is not rushing to take the stock.
In dividends The issuing enterprise when issuing dividends or dividends, a variety of preparations such as checking shareholders and holding shareholders' conferences must be carried out in advance. It also announced that it will stop shareholders' accounting period after this day. During the stoppage period, the dividend dividend was still sent to the old shareholders registered in the book. The holders of the newly bought stocks could not enjoy the right to receive dividend dividends because they had no transfer. This is called division. At the same time, the stock trading price should be deducted during this period to issue dividend dividends. This is the dividend transaction.
Ifirization If excepts and dividends, it is also a provision for stopping the transfer period: that is, new stock holders cannot enjoy the right to increase the capital and distribution of the stock during the stoppage period. Dating equity means that when the company has the right to subscribe or subscribe or subscribe for the issue of capital issuance of new shares. The value of this right can be divided into two cases. ① The right to increase the amount of money -increased shares = Closing price one day before the transfer -the closing price one day before the transfer ÷ (1 shares rate) = The closing price of the day before the transfer was stopped- (the closing price of the day before the transfer the payment amount of the new shares × the distribution rate) ÷ (1 shares). The ratio of the current shareholding rate is the proportion of new shares for old stocks. After removing rights, stock trading is called except for rights transactions.
The Yimi The ratio is the ratio of a certain stock market price and profit per share. So it is also called the stock price yield ratio or market price profit ratio. The computing formula is: Ben Yimi ratio = Ordinary stock market price per share/ordinary shares per year profit
The molecules in the above formula refer to the current market price per share. One -year profitability can also use forecasting for the next year or years. This ratio is one of the most basic and important indicators for the value of ordinary stocks.
is generally believed that it is normal to keep the ratio between 10-20. After the novel, the stock price is low, the risk is small, it is worth buying; too large means that the stock price is high, the risk is high, the stock should be cautious when buying, or the stock that should be held at the same time. However, from the actual situation of the stock market, most of the stocks with large PIEPICs are popular stocks. The small stocks that are small in PIE may not be unpopular stocks, and purchasing may not necessarily benefit.
grabbing hats grabbing hat is a speculative behavior in the stock market. In the stock market, speculators purchase stock prices at a low price on the same day, and then when the stock price rises to a certain price, the stock purchased on the same day will be sold to obtain the difference in profit. Or sell the stock that is expected to fall in your hand on the same day, and then when the stock price falls to a certain price, then buy the stock sold at a low price to obtain the difference in profit.
Izon sedan seeds This sedan seeds are a speculative trading behavior on the stock market to manipulate the stock price. The speculators are expected to announce the information that is profitable or empty, and the stock price will rise sharply, so the speculators immediately buy or sell stocks. Wait until the information is announced, people grabbing or selling a large amount, making the stock price rising and falling. At this time, the speculators sell or buy stocks to obtain thick profits. Buy it first and sell it as a bull -headed sedan.
This raising seeds This sedan seeds refer to the announcement of Lido or Lichashi information, it is expected that the stock price will rise and fall, and immediately grabbing or selling stocks. The behavior of buying stocks to buy stocks is called a multi -headed sedan seed, and the behavior of selling stocks to sell stocks is called empty -headed sedan.
The washing disk The speculators first killed the stock price significantly, so that a large number of small stock investors (retailers) panicked and sold the stock, and then the stock price raised it to take advantage of the opportunity.
The return file In the stock market, the stock price has continued to rise. In the end, it fell back to a certain price because the stock price increased too quickly. This adjustment phenomenon was called a return file. Generally speaking, the return amplifier of the stock is less than the increase, and it usually resumes the original upward trend when it reverses back to about one -third of the previous rise.
The rebound In the stock market, the stock price has continued to fall. The adjustment phenomenon that rebels back to a certain price due to the fell speed of the stock price is called a rebound. Generally speaking, the rebound of the stock is less than the decline, and it usually restores the original downward trend when it rebounds to about one -third of the previous decline.
Inning files Is when investors make bulls, if the stock price falls and the stock price is expected to continue to fall, they will immediately sell the stocks they hold. Buy it again to reduce the loss of the time when the stock price falls at the time of the stock price.
In finishing The stock price on the stock market has risen rapidly or falling sharply, encountering the resistance line or support line, the original rise or falling trend slowly slowed down Speaking up and down, and lasting for a while, this phenomenon is called finishing. The emergence of the phenomenon of finishing usually means that the bulls and shorts are fiercely fighting each other, which is also a prelude to the next stock price.
The settling refers to the transaction risk encountered during stock transactions. For example, investors expect the stock price to rise, but the stock price has been in a downward trend after buying. This phenomenon is called multi -heading. On the contrary, investors expect the stock price to fall and sell the stocks they borrows, but the stock price has been rising. This phenomenon is called short.
mo more Investors in the stock market generally believe that the stock price will rise that day to buy stocks to buy stocks. , Resulting in a significant decline in the closing price of the stock market.
This empty The stock holders on the stock market agreed that the stock would fall sharply on the day, so most people sold short hats to sell stocks, but the stock
wholesale silver charms for jewelry making Popular stocks are a kind of commodity for buyers at a low price to buy high prices and sell money for issuing stocks. What if you want to do one thing and have no money? Of course, the money you want to do is to get the profit to get the profit to the more people who buy your stock, the more people get the benefits. I personally think that the basic conditions of speculating stocks: 1. Pinded disposable funds (the funds must be 100 % dominated by yourself, that is, it is best to be your own funds. If you are an retail investor, it is recommended to get 30,000 to 100,000. Fewer money can't make any money.) 2. A good mentality (This has always been easy to say or not. But if you really want to copy it, you must put the money in the head market Starting instantly, tell yourself that "if it wasn't for it, he would never take out the money again, even if you get it, you have to get the earning part of the ear. It must not be thrown (commonly known as cutting meat), not only cannot cut meat, but also should be bought appropriately, because this can be used to reduce the loss (commonly known as the replacement). You were forced to buy stocks to cut meat, but at that time, it was not just economic losses, but even mentally unhappy). 3. Pinded time (without sufficient time to pay attention to your stocks. If you go, don't copy it well. With time, pay more attention to some economic news, especially the notice from the State Council .... There is the market of your own stock. Now the Internet is developed. There are stocks, look at the amount of buying and selling.
rhinestone jewelry wholesale sets Cake 2007-06-05 11:47 Assuming a market, two people are selling sesame cakes, there are only two people, let alone call them sesame nerri and sesame cake B.
Is that their sesame cake prices are not supervised by the price bureau.
I assume that each of them sells one yuan to keep the capital (including their labor value)
Is that their biscuits are as large as they are.
-economic models are all like this, assuming a lot.
I assume that their business is not good, and there is no one who buys cakes. Then they stood boringly for a long time.
I said it was boring.
I is boring.
This you say: So boring.
The market at this time is very active!
In order to make everyone not bored, A said to B: Or should we play a game? B in favor.
Then the story began. Essence Essence Essence Essence Essence
It a cost of one yuan to buy a biscuits of B, and B also spend one yuan to buy a sesame cake, and the cash is delivered.
I to buy a biscuits for two dollars, and B also spend two yuan to buy a sesame cake, and the cash is delivered.
I to buy a biscuits for three yuan for B, and B also spend three yuan to buy a sesame cake, and the cash is delivered.
. Essence Essence Essence Essence Essence
So the price of the people in the entire market (including you who read the story) of the pancakes soared, and soon it rose to 60 yuan each of the cakes. But as long as the number of cakes on the hand of A and B is the same, then no one can make money or no money, but they redefine the "value -added" of the assets in the future! A and B have a lot of "wealth" that have been higher than in the past. They have increased their value a lot, and the "market value" has increased a lot.
The passers -by C at this time. When he passed by an hour ago, he knew that the biscuits were one yuan, and now he found that it was 60 yuan each. He was surprised.
One hour later, passers -by B found that the biscuits were already 100 yuan, and he was even more surprised.
. After another hour, passers -by B found that the biscuits were already 120 yuan each. He bought one without hesitation, because he was an investment and speculator. There is still room for rise, and some people give more than 200 yuan "target price" (in the stock market, he is called investors, and the target price is called researchers).
In the demonstration effect of "making money" of sesame nails and cake B, and even the demonstration effect of passers -by C's money, there are more and more passers -by buying cakes, and more people participating in buying and selling are more. The more, the rising the price of the cake, and everyone is very happy because it is strange: everyone has no money. Essence Essence Essence Essence Essence
This at this time, you can imagine that who has fewer cakes in the hands of A and Yi, that is, who has less assets, whoever really makes money. Those who participate in buying, whoever has no sesame cakes, will really make money! And the soldiers who sold it very regretted that the price of the sesame cake was still rising quickly. Essence Essence Essence Essence Essence
Then who lost money?
The answer is: No one loses money, because many people who buy sesame cakes hold everyone's recognized high -quality equivalent assets -sesame cake! And the cake is obviously better than cash! How much interest can I have a cash deposit bank? How can it be compared to the soaring sesame cake? Even everyone agrees that the market for cakes should not be required. So there was a subscribed certificate. Essence Essence Essence Essence Essence
In someone asking: Will you never lose money when buying biscuits? It looks like yes. But this world is so strange. Suddenly there is a Li Zi on the market. Li Zi said: When you lose money! Which day will everyone lose money?
I assumption 1: There is a price department in the market. He believes that the pricing of the cake should be one yuan per. (Supervision)
I assumed 2: There are many cakes in the market, and the price is one yuan per yuan. (Similarly)
I assumed 3: There are many products that have played this game in the market. (Issuing)
I assumed 4: Everyone suddenly found that this is just a biscuits! (Value Discovery)
I assuming five: No one is willing to play games that buy and sell each other! (The truth is white)
If one day, any assumption appears, then people who have sesame cakes will lose money on this day! Who made money? It is the minimum of assets -people with cakes!
The story of this sesame cake is very simple. Everyone thinks that people who buy sesame cakes at high prices are fools, but let's look back at the people in our securities market. Some of the so -called assets in this market are not ? In the ROE high, assets have asset injection at high premiums, which are actually the same as selling baked cakes. Whoever occupies the assets at least, who is a profitable person, who is a high -profit person!
So as an investor, we must rationally look at the assets and injection of assets. Don't fool others, especially don't flicker your own money!
The asset injection under high ROE, especially asset injection of assets such as brokers, assets for buying major shareholders, and increasing real estate in the purchase. careful!
because you are likely to be a passerby with high -priced biscuits!
quartz crystal jewelry wholesale Stocks are securities issued by shares to investors to prove their shareholders' rights and investment shares in the company, and to obtain dividend revenue. The holder of the stock is shareholders. It has a part of the ownership of the joint -stock company in law, and enjoys certain rights and obligations of business management. At the same time, it assumes the company's operating risk. Each shares represent the ownership of the shareholders to the enterprise. Stocks are part of the capital company's capital. They can be transferred, traded or priced, and are the main long -term credit tools in the capital market. (Specific stock trading operation methods and various introduction can look at the information below)
Basic learning videos of stocks electronic books and other Baidu cloud network disk resources download
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The content of this resource includes all inclusive includes: stock foundation, stocks, actual stocks, funds, fund investment, investment, financial management, financial management, boss financial management, etc. All kinds of direction of network lessons and other book documents are sorted and summarized.
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[Stock Concept]
Stocks are shares issued by shares to investors when raising capital. Stocks represent the ownership of its holders (that is, shareholders) to the company. This ownership is a comprehensive right, such as participating in shareholders' meetings, voting voting, and participating in the company's major decisions. Get dividend or share dividends. The ownership of the company represented by each stock of the same category is equal. The size of the company's ownership shares owned by each shareholder depends on the proportion of the total number of shares it holds. Stocks can generally be paid for sale and sale. Shareholders can recover their investment through stock transfer, but the company cannot be required to return its investment. The relationship between shareholders and the company is not the relationship between debt and debt. Shareholders are the owners of the company. They are limited to the company's limited liability for their capital, bear risks, and share income.
A as the result of human civilization, joint -stock systems and stocks are also applicable to my country's socialist market economy. Enterprises can raise funds to the society through public offering of stocks for production and operation. The state can control more resources by controlling most equity methods. Currently in Shanghai. Most of the companies listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange are national holding companies.
[Stock Nature]
The stock holders to regularly get the income from the stock company with the stock company. Stocks are just ownership of the actual capital owned by a joint -stock company, but only represent the right to obtain income, and it is a voucher for future returns. A virtual capital.
[Origin of stocks]
has a history of nearly 400 years. Stocks are the products of socialized large -scale production. As human society has entered a period of socialized production, the contradiction between the expansion of the business scale of the enterprise and the insufficient capital demand is increasingly prominent, so the corporate organizations that have appeared in the form of a joint -stock company and the changes and development of the joint -stock company; the changes and development of the joint -stock company company The financing activities of stock forms have been generated; the development of stock financing has generated the demand for stock transactions; the demand for stock transactions has contributed to the formation and development of the stock market; and the development of the stock market finally promotes stock financing activities and the improvement of stock companies. develop. Therefore, the cooperation and interaction of stock companies, stock financing and stock markets promote the common development of joint -stock companies, stock financing and stock markets.
The earliest stocks appeared in capitalist countries. At the beginning of the 17th century, with the development of capitalist industries, the scale of enterprise production and operation continued to expand. As a result, the shortage of capital, insufficient capital became one of the important factors restricting the operation and development of capitalist enterprises. In order to raise more capital, the corporate organization that shares in the form of a joint -stock company, which is jointly funded by shareholders, and then expanded the scope of capital to society to society, generating an investor investment in investors and investing in shares, and pressed by pressing the shares, and pressed it in accordance with the shares, and pressed it according to the stock, and pressed it according to the shares. The size of the capital contribution can enjoy a certain amount of equity and a certain responsibility, and publicly issue it to the society to absorb and concentrate the funds scattered in the society. The earliest joint -stock company system was born in 1602, East India, which was established in the Netherlands. After the emergence of corporate organizations such as shares Co., Ltd., they quickly used wide use of capitalist countries and became one of the important forms of corporate organizations in capitalist countries. Along with the birth and development of the stock company, the investment in fund -raising in the form of stocks has also been developed, and the need for transaction transactions to transfer stocks. In this way, the emergence and formation of the stock market has been promoted, and the stock market is improved and developed. According to literature, as early as 1611, some businessmen had conducted stock trading in the Netherlands in Amsterdam in the Netherlands in the Netherlands, forming the world's first stock market, that is, stock exchanges. At present, the joint -stock company has become the most basic form of corporate organizations in capitalist countries; stocks have become an important channel and way of fundraising in capitalist countries, and they are also the basic choice of investors' investment; and stock issuance and market transactions have also been Become an important basic business content of the securities market of the capitalist country and become an indispensable part of the securities market.
[The role of stocks]
(1) Stock is a proof of capital contribution. When a natural person or legal person participates in the shares to invest in the company The voucher;
(2) The holders of the stock to prove their shareholders' status as the shareholders' shareholders' meeting with their stocks, and express their opinions on the operation of the joint -stock company;
(3) Stock holder Relying on the profit distribution of stock issuance companies, which is usually referred to as dividends, to obtain certain economic benefits.
[Stock Classification]
1. According to the listed area, it can be divided into:
The stocks of Chinese listed companies include A shares, B shares, H shares, N shares and and The distinction between S shares. This distinction is based on the listing location of the stock and the investors facing.
A shares
The formal name of A shares is RMB ordinary stocks. It is issued by companies in my country and for domestic institutions, organizations, or individuals (excluding Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao investors) that subscribe and transactions with RMB.
In 1990, there were only 10 A -share stocks in my country to the end of 1997, and A shares increased to 720, with a total share capital of 164.6 billion, with a total market value of 175.29 billion yuan. The ratio is 22.7 %. In 1997, the annual transaction volume of A shares was 447.1 billion shares, and the annual transaction value was 30,29.5 billion yuan. After several years of rapid development of the A -share stock market in my country, the scale has begun to take shape.
The main characteristics of A shares:
(1) Issuing ordinary shares subscribed for RMB in my country in China.
(2) The largest proportion of the stocks issued in the company's circulation stocks is also the stock with better liquidity, but the A shares of most companies are not the company's most issued stocks, because the current listed companies in my country are currently issued. In addition to A shares, most of the non -exchanges are non -exchanges or state -owned legal persons.
(3) It is considered a stock that pays attention to the distribution of profitability and does not pay attention to management rights. This is mainly because people participating in A -share transactions in the stock market are more concerned about the difference in A -share buying and selling. It is not attentive to other rights it represents.
B shares
also called RMB special stocks. Refers to those special stocks registered in mainland China and listed on mainland China. The face value is indicated by Renminbi, and it can only be subscribed and traded with foreign currency.
H shares
, also known as state -owned enterprise stocks, refers to the stocks listed by state -owned enterprises in Hong Kong.
S shares
refers to the core businesses such as the main production or operation in mainland China and the registered place of enterprises in Singapore or other countries and regions, but listed on the Singapore Exchange Listed corporate stocks.
N N shares
refers to those foreign -funded stocks registered in mainland China and listed on New York.
2. According to profit, property distribution can be divided into
ordinary shares
ordinary shares refer to ordinary shares in the company's business management, profitability and property distribution of property. The shares of the right represent the right to meet all the claims of all claims and the right to the rights of the priority shareholders and the right to claim the company's profit and the remaining property. It constitutes the foundation of the company's capital. The biggest, most important stock. The stocks currently traded on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange are ordinary shares. Ordinary stock holders enjoy the following basic rights according to the proportion of their shares:
(1) The company's decision -making participation. Ordinary shareholders have the right to participate in the shareholders 'meeting, and have the right to propose, vote and election, and can also entrust others to act on behalf of their shareholders' rights.
(2) profit distribution right. Ordinary shareholders have the right to get dividends from the company's profit distribution. The dividend of ordinary shares is not fixed, and the company's profitability and its distribution policy are determined. Ordinary shareholders must have the right to enjoy dividend distribution after the preferred shareholders obtain a fixed dividend.
(3) Priority recognition of equity. If the company needs to expand and issue ordinary stocks, the existing common shareholders have the right to purchase a certain number of new issuance shares at a specific price lower than the market price at a specific price of its share price, so as to maintain its original ownership of the enterprise ownership. There is a proportion.
(4) Residual asset distribution rights. When the company goes bankrupt or liquidated, if the company's assets are still left after repayment of debt, the remaining part will be allocated in the order of pre -pre -pre -pre -pre -shaped shareholders and general shareholders.
Preferred stocks
are relative to ordinary stocks. It mainly refers to the rights of profit dividends and the distribution of remaining property.
The priority stocks have two types of rights:
a. When the company distributes profit, shareholders with preferred stocks are compared to shareholders holding ordinary stocks, allocated first, and enjoy a fixed amount of dividend, that is, priority shares, that is, priority shares The dividend rates are fixed, but the dividend of ordinary stocks is not fixed. Depending on the company's profitability, it depends on the company's profit.
b. When the company disbands and allocates the remaining property, the preferred shares are allocated before ordinary shares.
3. According to the performance, it is also divided into:
ST stock
ST shares refer to stocks that have been dealt with for two consecutive years of losses for two consecutive years;*ST Refers to the stocks that have lost money for three consecutive years in domestic listed companies. Refining the hat means that it was ST, and now it is removed.
This stock
Chat stocks of companies that operate losses or violate regulations.
The performance shares
The company's business is very good and the performance is very good. The income per share is more than 0.5 yuan. Occupy large companies with important dominance, excellent performance, active transactions, and strong dividends are called blue chip stocks.
4. It can be divided into:
① registered stocks and unknown stocks. This is mainly divided according to whether the stock is recorded. The name of the stock is the name of the shareholders in the stock. If the transfer is transferred, it must be transferred by the company. The unknown stock is the name of the shareholders who do not record the shareholders. If the transfer is transferred, it takes effect through delivery.
② Ticket face value stocks and ticket -free face value stocks. This is mainly divided according to whether the stock is remembered. There is a ticket value of the stock, which is the amount per share on the stock. Ticket -free face -value stocks are just the proportion of the total amount of stocks and the company's capital, or the total amount of the company's capital per share.
③ Single stock and plural stocks. This is mainly divided according to the number of shares expressed in the stock. A single stock means that each stock represents one. Multiple stocks refer to several stocks each stock.
④ ordinary stocks and special stocks. This is mainly divided according to the rights size of the stock. The dividend of ordinary stocks increases or decreased with the company's profit. Special stocks generally get fixed dividends in accordance with the prescribed interest rates, but their shareholders' voting rights are restricted. Special stocks are also called preferred stocks.
⑤ voting rights stocks and no voting stocks. This is mainly divided according to whether the stock holders have expansion. Ordinary stock holders have voting rights, and those holders who enjoy special benefits in some aspects are often restricted in voting rights. Shareholders who have no right to decide cannot participate in the company's decision -making.
[Basic features of the stock]
(L) cannot be repaid. Stocks are a kind of securities with free repayment period. After investors subscribe to stocks, they cannot ask for refund, and they can only be sold to third parties in the secondary market. The transfer of stocks only means that the company's shareholders' changes do not reduce the company's capital. From the perspective of the period, as long as the company exists, the stock it issues exists, and the term of the stock is equal to the period of the company's duration.
(2) Participation. Shareholders have the right to attend the shareholders' meeting, elected the company's board of directors, and participated in major decisions of the company. The investment will of stock holders and the economic interests of enjoyment are usually achieved by exercising shareholders' participation.
The rights size of shareholders to participate in the company's decision -making depends on the how much shares they hold. From a practice, as long as the number of shares held by shareholders reaches the actual majority required for the results of the decision -making results, You can master the company's decision -making control.
(3) benefits. The shareholders have the right to receive dividends or dividends from the company with their own shares and obtain the income of investment. The size of the dividend or dividend depends mainly on the company's profit level and the company's profit distribution policy.
The benefits of stocks are also manifested in the stock investors to obtain the spread of the price difference or realize the asset preservation and appreciation. Through low -priced buyers and selling stocks at high prices, investors can earn a spread profit. Take the stock of Coca -Cola as an example. If the company's stock is invested at $ 1,000 at the end of 1983, by July 1994, it would be able to sell at a market price of $ 11554 and earn more than 10 times the profit. When inflation, the stock price will rise as the company's original asset reset price rises, thereby avoiding the depreciation of assets. Stocks are usually regarded as investment objects that can be preferred during high inflation.
(4) Circulation. The liquidity of stocks refers to the trading of stocks between different investors. Circus is usually measured by the number of popular stocks, stock transactions, and the sensitivity of stock prices to transaction volume. The larger the number of circulating shares, the greater the transaction volume, the less sensitive the price is (the price will not change with the transaction volume), the better the liquidity of the stock, and the worse the otherwise. The circulation of stocks allows investors to sell stocks held in the market and obtain cash. Through the circulation of stocks and changes in stock prices, we can see people's judgments on the development prospects and profitable potential of related industries and listed companies.
The industries and companies that have attracted a large number of investors and the stock price in the circulation market can continuously absorb a large amount of capital into production and operation activities by increasing stocks, and received the effect of optimizing resource allocation.
(5) Price volatility and risk. Stocks are used as trading objects in the trading market. Like products, they have their own market conditions and market prices. Due to the influence of stock prices, such as the company's operating conditions, supply and demand relationships, bank interest rates, and public psychology, its fluctuations have great uncertainty. It is this uncertainty that may cause stock investors to suffer losses. The greater the uncertainty of price fluctuations, the greater the investment risk. Therefore, stocks are a high -risk financial product. For example, the international commercial machinery company (IBM), which is the world's computer industry (IBM), is as high as $ 170 per share when its performance is extraordinary. However $ 40. If you buy the stock at a high price at a time, it will lead to serious losses.
[System of Raidering and Falling Daily]
This System of the Dest -on Starting Study Foreign Securities Market. A trading system that only the price of the same day is appropriately restricted, that is, the maximum volatility of the transaction price on a trading day is a few percent of the closing price of the previous trading day, and the transaction is stopped after exceeding the time.
The current rising and falling system of my country's securities market was released on December 13, 1996, and it was implemented on December 26, 1996. It aims to protect the interests of investors, maintain market stability, and further promote the market Standardized. The system stipulates that, in addition to the first day of listing, the transaction price of stocks (including A, B shares) and fund securities within one trading day shall not exceed 10 % of the price closing price on the previous trading day. The commission is invalid.
The main difference between my country's rising and falling system and foreign system is that after the stock price reaches the rise and fall, it is not completely stopped transaction. until.
[Stock price]
The stock itself is worthless, but it can be sold as a commodity and has a certain price. Stock prices are also called stock markets, which does not mean the amount of stock tickets. The amount of stocks of stocks represents the amount of money capital invested, which is fixed; the stock price is changed, and it is often greater than or less than the stock. The sale of stocks is actually the right to obtain dividends in buying and selling. Therefore, the stock price is not the currency performance of the actual capital value it represents, but a capitalized income. Stock prices are generally determined by two factors: dividend and interest rates. For example, there is a stock with a volume of 100 yuan, which can get 10 yuan dividends each year, that is, 10%of the dividend, and the interest rate at that time was only 5%. Then, the price of this stock is 10 yuan ÷ 5%= 200 yuan Essence The calculation formula is:
The stock price = dividend/interest rate
can see that the stock price and dividend have changed the proportional ratio, and the inverse ratio of interest rates changes. If the business situation of a joint -stock company is good, the increase in dividends or the expected dividend will increase, and the stock price of the company will rise; otherwise, it will fall.
[Trading time of stocks]
The stock transaction time of stocks is:
Monday to Friday from 9:30 to 12 am, 1 pm in the afternoon, 1pm To three points. Twenty -off and Exchange announced the suspension of the market.
In 9: 15 ~ 9:25 AM is a collection bidding time. Investors can place an order. Between the limit board, the list entrusted before 9:30 was matched at 9:30 in the morning.
. If the price you entrusts cannot be traded on a trading day, you must re -order the order every other trading day.
[Trading fee for stocks]
stocks must receive fees for buying and selling. Smaller than or equal to 3 ‰ Starting point: 5 yuan
It Shenzhen less than or equal to 3 ‰ starting point: 5 yuan
stamp duty: 3 ‰ of the taxes received by the country.
It's transfer fee of 1 yuan per 10,000 shares in Shanghai. Get 1 yuan when less than 1 yuan. Shenzhen does not charge household fees
5 yuan for entrustment fee (at per charging)
S Shenzhen does not collect entrustment fees
[Basic term of stock]
E ratio:
is an indicator for measuring the relative intensity of the traded trading period during a certain period of time. Its calculation formula is the computing formula = (the number of hand buying the hand -the number of hand -selling hand)/the number of hand -to -hand the number of hand -selling hand × 100 %. The value of the commissioning "value from -100 % to 100 %. If the" commission ratio "is a positive value, it means that the buyer is stronger and the larger the value, and the stronger the buying. For negative values, it means that the city road is weak.
The difference:
The sum of the current buying volume of a certain variety to reduce the sum of the sales volume. The buyer is strong, and the negative number is heavier.
is the index of measured the relative transaction volume. It is the average transaction volume per minute after opening the market. The average ratio per minute per minute. The formula is: the volume ratio = the current transaction general hand/(the average transaction volume per minute in the past 5 days × the cumulative market time (score) of the day)
It shows that the average transaction volume per minute on the day is greater than the average value of the past 5 days, and the transaction ratio is hot in the past 5 days; and when the volume ratio is less than 1, it means that the current transaction is not comparable to the average level of the past 5 days.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n R n The opening price
In 9: 15--9: 25 AM is the gathering time of the collection. During the gathering period, the automatic matching system of the exchange is only stored without matching. When the bidding time is over, the matching system According to the principle of the collection bidding, the opening price will be generated on the day of the stock. According to the provisions of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, if a securities have no transaction within half an hour after the opening of the market, the closing price of the previous day is the opening price of the day. Without a transaction, the stock exchange proposes the price of the price based on the price trend entrusted by the customer to the price of the securities trading and prompts it as the opening price after the transaction. The price is the opening price.
The closing price
The closing price refers to the transaction price of some kind of securities before the end of the conclusion of the stock exchange. The latest transaction price is used as the closing price, because the closing price is the standard of the market, and it is also the basis for the opening price of the next trading day. It can be predicted to predict the future securities market. Therefore As a basis for calculation.
The quotation
This is the highest entry price or minimum price of traders on the securities market within a certain time. At the highest price, the entry price is the price of buyers willing to buy a certain securities, and the price is the price that the seller is willing to sell. In the securities exchanges, there are four types of quotes: one is the shout, the other is the gesture representation, the third is to fill in the record record table, and the fourth is to enter the electronic computer display.
n refers to the highest price of the price sold on the day. Sometimes the highest price is only one, sometimes more than one. The lowest price. Sometimes the lowest price is only one, sometimes more than one.
bull market
Selling people, the stock market market is called a bull market. There are many factors for the formation of a bull market, mainly including the following aspects:
① economic factors: stock companies have increased profitability, economy is in a period of prosperity, interest rates, emerging industries, and mild inflation, etc., can promote the rise in stock market prices.
② political factors: government policies, laws and regulations, or political events that have occurred in mutations can cause stock prices to rise.
③ the factors of the stock market itself: If the issuance of the trend of buying, the short -selling transactions of the speculators, and the large number of large households purchase a large number of stocks can cause bull markets.
able bear markets
The bear market is the opposite of the bull market. There are more sellers in the stock market than buyers, and the stock market is called a bear market. The factor that triggered the bear market is similar to the factors that trigger the bull market, but it is changed in the opposite direction.
Me large market
Me large refers to the investor's optimistic about the stock market. It is expected that the stock price will be up. Out, to obtain differences. Generally speaking, people usually call the stock market that has long maintained a long -term stock market as a bull market. The main feature of the stock price of the long market is a series of rising and downward.
Ilads, short markets
Ilands are investors and stockers who believe that the current stock price is high, but the stock market prospects are bad. It is expected that the stock price will fall. Sell, buy in a certain price to get the difference in benefits. The transaction method of using this first selling and buying and earning differences from it is called short. People usually call the stock market with a long -term decline in stock prices as the short market. The characteristics of the stock price of short markets are a series of strokes.
In short
If investors predict the stock price will rise, but their own funds cannot purchase a large amount of stocks, so they pay part of the deposit first, and raise the bank through the broker to buy stocks. When the stock price rises to a certain price, it will be sold to obtain the difference.
This short selling
This is that investors predict the stock price will fall, so they deliver the mortgage to the agent and borrow the stock to sell it first. When the stock price falls to a certain price, buy the stock, and then borrow the stock and get the difference from the difference.
A good advantage
Cope refers to information that stimulates rising stock prices, such as improved operating performance in stock listed companies, decreased bank interest rates, sufficient social funds, relaxation of bank credit funds, market prosperity, etc., and other politics , Economy, military, diplomacy, etc. are favorable for the rise in stock prices.
The short -term
Id empty refers to information that can promote the decline in stock prices, such as deteriorating operations of stock listed companies, bank tightening, bank interest rate increase, economic recession, inflation, natural disasters and human disasters, etc. Other politics, economic and military, diplomacy, etc. have promoted the disadvantage of stock price decline.
The long air
The long air means long -term meaning. Investors are bad for the long -term prospects of the stock. It is expected that the stock price will continue to fall. After the borrowing stock sells, it will have to wait for the stock price to fall for a long time before buying, in order to obtain the profits.
The long
long means long -term meant to make bulls. Investors are optimistic about the prospects of the stock potential. At present, after buying stocks, they are prepared to hold long -term holdings, with a view to the long -term rise of the stock price to obtain a high price difference.
Carding more
Shanding more means to make the idea to make bulls. Investors are optimistic about the long -term prospects of the stock, buy stocks for a long time, and hold an idea. They will not make money or sell them. They will rather put them on a few years until the stock rises to an ideal price and sell it.
Ilands
The stock price is affected by the profit or emptiness, and the phenomenon of beating up and down. When the stock price is affected by Libang, the opening price of the opening price on the day of the exchange is above the two declared units above the closing price of the previous day. When the stock price fell, the opening price or the highest price on the day was lower than the closing price of the previous day. Or in one day's transaction, rising or falling more than one application unit. The above stock price beating is called empty.
This empty
The stock investors do short. After selling the stock, the stock price did not fall on the same day, but it rose, and had to lose money at a high price. This is the empty empty.
Stimeter
The investors to bullish the prospect of the stock price and use their own capital strength to make multiple heads. Even if the stock price fell in the future, it is not rushing to take the stock.
In dividends
The issuing enterprise when issuing dividends or dividends, a variety of preparations such as checking shareholders and holding shareholders' conferences must be carried out in advance. It also announced that it will stop shareholders' accounting period after this day. During the stoppage period, the dividend dividend was still sent to the old shareholders registered in the book. The holders of the newly bought stocks could not enjoy the right to receive dividend dividends because they had no transfer. This is called division. At the same time, the stock trading price should be deducted during this period to issue dividend dividends. This is the dividend transaction.
Ifirization
If excepts and dividends, it is also a provision for stopping the transfer period: that is, new stock holders cannot enjoy the right to increase the capital and distribution of the stock during the stoppage period. Dating equity means that when the company has the right to subscribe or subscribe or subscribe for the issue of capital issuance of new shares. The value of this right can be divided into two cases.
① The right to increase the amount of money -increased shares
= Closing price one day before the transfer -the closing price one day before the transfer ÷ (1 shares rate)
= The closing price of the day before the transfer was stopped- (the closing price of the day before the transfer the payment amount of the new shares × the distribution rate) ÷ (1 shares).
The ratio of the current shareholding rate is the proportion of new shares for old stocks. After removing rights, stock trading is called except for rights transactions.
The Yimi
The ratio is the ratio of a certain stock market price and profit per share. So it is also called the stock price yield ratio or market price profit ratio.
The computing formula is: Ben Yimi ratio = Ordinary stock market price per share/ordinary shares per year profit
The molecules in the above formula refer to the current market price per share. One -year profitability can also use forecasting for the next year or years. This ratio is one of the most basic and important indicators for the value of ordinary stocks.
is generally believed that it is normal to keep the ratio between 10-20. After the novel, the stock price is low, the risk is small, it is worth buying; too large means that the stock price is high, the risk is high, the stock should be cautious when buying, or the stock that should be held at the same time. However, from the actual situation of the stock market, most of the stocks with large PIEPICs are popular stocks. The small stocks that are small in PIE may not be unpopular stocks, and purchasing may not necessarily benefit.
grabbing hats
grabbing hat is a speculative behavior in the stock market. In the stock market, speculators purchase stock prices at a low price on the same day, and then when the stock price rises to a certain price, the stock purchased on the same day will be sold to obtain the difference in profit. Or sell the stock that is expected to fall in your hand on the same day, and then when the stock price falls to a certain price, then buy the stock sold at a low price to obtain the difference in profit.
Izon sedan seeds
This sedan seeds are a speculative trading behavior on the stock market to manipulate the stock price. The speculators are expected to announce the information that is profitable or empty, and the stock price will rise sharply, so the speculators immediately buy or sell stocks. Wait until the information is announced, people grabbing or selling a large amount, making the stock price rising and falling. At this time, the speculators sell or buy stocks to obtain thick profits. Buy it first and sell it as a bull -headed sedan.
This raising seeds
This sedan seeds refer to the announcement of Lido or Lichashi information, it is expected that the stock price will rise and fall, and immediately grabbing or selling stocks. The behavior of buying stocks to buy stocks is called a multi -headed sedan seed, and the behavior of selling stocks to sell stocks is called empty -headed sedan.
The washing disk
The speculators first killed the stock price significantly, so that a large number of small stock investors (retailers) panicked and sold the stock, and then the stock price raised it to take advantage of the opportunity.
The return file
In the stock market, the stock price has continued to rise. In the end, it fell back to a certain price because the stock price increased too quickly. This adjustment phenomenon was called a return file. Generally speaking, the return amplifier of the stock is less than the increase, and it usually resumes the original upward trend when it reverses back to about one -third of the previous rise.
The rebound
In the stock market, the stock price has continued to fall. The adjustment phenomenon that rebels back to a certain price due to the fell speed of the stock price is called a rebound. Generally speaking, the rebound of the stock is less than the decline, and it usually restores the original downward trend when it rebounds to about one -third of the previous decline.
Inning files
Is when investors make bulls, if the stock price falls and the stock price is expected to continue to fall, they will immediately sell the stocks they hold. Buy it again to reduce the loss of the time when the stock price falls at the time of the stock price.
In finishing
The stock price on the stock market has risen rapidly or falling sharply, encountering the resistance line or support line, the original rise or falling trend slowly slowed down Speaking up and down, and lasting for a while, this phenomenon is called finishing. The emergence of the phenomenon of finishing usually means that the bulls and shorts are fiercely fighting each other, which is also a prelude to the next stock price.
The settling
refers to the transaction risk encountered during stock transactions. For example, investors expect the stock price to rise, but the stock price has been in a downward trend after buying. This phenomenon is called multi -heading. On the contrary, investors expect the stock price to fall and sell the stocks they borrows, but the stock price has been rising. This phenomenon is called short.
mo more
Investors in the stock market generally believe that the stock price will rise that day to buy stocks to buy stocks. , Resulting in a significant decline in the closing price of the stock market.
This empty
The stock holders on the stock market agreed that the stock would fall sharply on the day, so most people sold short hats to sell stocks, but the stock
wholesale silver charms for jewelry making Popular stocks are a kind of commodity for buyers at a low price to buy high prices and sell money for issuing stocks. What if you want to do one thing and have no money? Of course, the money you want to do is to get the profit to get the profit to the more people who buy your stock, the more people get the benefits. I personally think that the basic conditions of speculating stocks: 1. Pinded disposable funds (the funds must be 100 % dominated by yourself, that is, it is best to be your own funds. If you are an retail investor, it is recommended to get 30,000 to 100,000. Fewer money can't make any money.)
2. A good mentality (This has always been easy to say or not. But if you really want to copy it, you must put the money in the head market Starting instantly, tell yourself that "if it wasn't for it, he would never take out the money again, even if you get it, you have to get the earning part of the ear. It must not be thrown (commonly known as cutting meat), not only cannot cut meat, but also should be bought appropriately, because this can be used to reduce the loss (commonly known as the replacement). You were forced to buy stocks to cut meat, but at that time, it was not just economic losses, but even mentally unhappy).
3. Pinded time (without sufficient time to pay attention to your stocks. If you go, don't copy it well. With time, pay more attention to some economic news, especially the notice from the State Council .... There is the market of your own stock. Now the Internet is developed. There are stocks, look at the amount of buying and selling.
rhinestone jewelry wholesale sets Cake 2007-06-05 11:47 Assuming a market, two people are selling sesame cakes, there are only two people, let alone call them sesame nerri and sesame cake B.
Is that their sesame cake prices are not supervised by the price bureau.
I assume that each of them sells one yuan to keep the capital (including their labor value)
Is that their biscuits are as large as they are.
-economic models are all like this, assuming a lot.
I assume that their business is not good, and there is no one who buys cakes. Then they stood boringly for a long time.
I said it was boring.
I is boring.
This you say: So boring.
The market at this time is very active!
In order to make everyone not bored, A said to B: Or should we play a game? B in favor.
Then the story began. Essence Essence Essence Essence Essence
It a cost of one yuan to buy a biscuits of B, and B also spend one yuan to buy a sesame cake, and the cash is delivered.
I to buy a biscuits for two dollars, and B also spend two yuan to buy a sesame cake, and the cash is delivered.
I to buy a biscuits for three yuan for B, and B also spend three yuan to buy a sesame cake, and the cash is delivered.
. Essence Essence Essence Essence Essence
So the price of the people in the entire market (including you who read the story) of the pancakes soared, and soon it rose to 60 yuan each of the cakes. But as long as the number of cakes on the hand of A and B is the same, then no one can make money or no money, but they redefine the "value -added" of the assets in the future! A and B have a lot of "wealth" that have been higher than in the past. They have increased their value a lot, and the "market value" has increased a lot.
The passers -by C at this time. When he passed by an hour ago, he knew that the biscuits were one yuan, and now he found that it was 60 yuan each. He was surprised.
One hour later, passers -by B found that the biscuits were already 100 yuan, and he was even more surprised.
. After another hour, passers -by B found that the biscuits were already 120 yuan each. He bought one without hesitation, because he was an investment and speculator. There is still room for rise, and some people give more than 200 yuan "target price" (in the stock market, he is called investors, and the target price is called researchers).
In the demonstration effect of "making money" of sesame nails and cake B, and even the demonstration effect of passers -by C's money, there are more and more passers -by buying cakes, and more people participating in buying and selling are more. The more, the rising the price of the cake, and everyone is very happy because it is strange: everyone has no money. Essence Essence Essence Essence Essence
This at this time, you can imagine that who has fewer cakes in the hands of A and Yi, that is, who has less assets, whoever really makes money. Those who participate in buying, whoever has no sesame cakes, will really make money! And the soldiers who sold it very regretted that the price of the sesame cake was still rising quickly. Essence Essence Essence Essence Essence
Then who lost money?
The answer is: No one loses money, because many people who buy sesame cakes hold everyone's recognized high -quality equivalent assets -sesame cake! And the cake is obviously better than cash! How much interest can I have a cash deposit bank? How can it be compared to the soaring sesame cake? Even everyone agrees that the market for cakes should not be required. So there was a subscribed certificate. Essence Essence Essence Essence Essence
In someone asking: Will you never lose money when buying biscuits? It looks like yes. But this world is so strange. Suddenly there is a Li Zi on the market. Li Zi said: When you lose money! Which day will everyone lose money?
I assumption 1: There is a price department in the market. He believes that the pricing of the cake should be one yuan per. (Supervision)
I assumed 2: There are many cakes in the market, and the price is one yuan per yuan. (Similarly)
I assumed 3: There are many products that have played this game in the market. (Issuing)
I assumed 4: Everyone suddenly found that this is just a biscuits! (Value Discovery)
I assuming five: No one is willing to play games that buy and sell each other! (The truth is white)
If one day, any assumption appears, then people who have sesame cakes will lose money on this day! Who made money? It is the minimum of assets -people with cakes!
The story of this sesame cake is very simple. Everyone thinks that people who buy sesame cakes at high prices are fools, but let's look back at the people in our securities market. Some of the so -called assets in this market are not
? In the ROE high, assets have asset injection at high premiums, which are actually the same as selling baked cakes. Whoever occupies the assets at least, who is a profitable person, who is a high -profit person!
So as an investor, we must rationally look at the assets and injection of assets. Don't fool others, especially don't flicker your own money!
The asset injection under high ROE, especially asset injection of assets such as brokers, assets for buying major shareholders, and increasing real estate in the purchase. careful!
because you are likely to be a passerby with high -priced biscuits!