What are the common safety hazards in the chemical industry?

Common safety hazards in chemical plants, including equipment, instruments, crafts, and other aspects, pay attention to chemical industry (broad transactions) to give you more chemical information.
. Equipment and facilities
reactor, reactor
1, abnormal noise of the reducer;叶热融变形；rn4、机封、减速机缺油；rn5、垫圈泄漏；rn6、防静电接地线损坏、未安装；rn7、安全阀未年检、 Leakage and not establishing a ledger;
8, the thermometer was not inspected and damaged;
9, the pressure gauge over -date inspection, damage or material blockage; , Record the alarm;
11, the blasting tablets have not been replaced, leaked, and not established;
12, the valve under the blasting tablet is not opened; ;
14, high temperature, stirring interruption, etc. There are abnormal boost or rushing materials;
15, the bottom valve is prone to blocked; n17, the amount of loading is overloaded than the specified limit;
18, enamel damage in the enamel kettle is still used in the corrosion, flammable and explosive places; Extract damage;
20, pressure vessels exceeding the life limit and poor manufacturing quality, and still leaked after multiple repair;
21, the pressure container does not have an nameplate; R n23, the reaction kettle that is sensitive to explosion fails to be effectively isolate;
24, the safety checklist is not formulated by important equipment; The tank area, slot car
1, liquid level meter fuzzy or damaged, blocked;
2, the static grounding line is loose or unconnected; High -level storage tanks such as the platform fail to be effectively fixed;
5, the sealing of the safety liquid sealing does not meet the requirements;
6, the use of normal pressure storage tank bands; R n8, the very warm storage tank is not installed with the thermometer;
9, the container cracks, still in use;
10, frequently damaged the storage tank with vacuum and nitrogen intercess load;
11, low boiling point The solvent or liquefied gas storage tank is directly exposed to the sun;
12, outdoor storage tanks and other tangible risk of impact vehicles;
13, the coffee pores of the dangerous tank area are not blocked;
14, hazardous chemical products The blocking embankment in the tank area is not tightly blocked, and it is arbitrarily set up in rainwater holes;
15, the deck valve leading to the drain pipe is in an unsafe state;
16, the combustible or corrosiveness of the hazardous chemical tank area For the material export pipeline, its bracket is not provided with a suspended pressure spring compensation measures, or the deflection connecting the short tube is directly used; Wait for various warning signs;
18, no leakage, feeding operation records and daily inspections in the dangerous tank area;
19, tractors enter the dangerous tank area at will;
2 0. There are bright fires or mountain forest fires around the dangerous tank area;
21, the operating room of the dangerous tank area uses electric furnaces, electric teapots, electric heating boards and other illegal electricity; ;
23, measures that do not prevent the operator from falling from the tank car;
24, the unsatisfactory fire blocking device and the unqualified car condition (the lighting of the lights or the brake failure) of the tank into the tank area;
25 The safety attachment (pressure gauge, thermometer, safety valve) of the tank storage tank is not inspected or invalidated;
26, the tank tank is not indicated by the pressure vessel for the next test date;
27, there is no on the can Static dragging chain, anti -virus equipment or valve leakage;
28, before unloading and unloading, the ground is not static for more than 10 minutes;
29, when the trough is unloaded, the driver and the escort leave the unloading site, the driver and the escort leave the unloading site, There are no on -site guardians;
30, using open and splattered unloading;
31, the storage tank overflow or full material overflows when unloading; During the material, the hose or flange is leaked;
33, when transporting the feeding of ethyl chloride transportation, full grooves;
34, the slot vehicle volume is not fully transported and unloaded in the plant many times;
35 , Unloading vehicles to start the vehicle in the middle of the stall and brake or unloading;
36, when high -strength lightning and lightning strikes are frequent, engaged in unloading operations;
37, there are no two places at the location of the oil tank;
38, loading and unloading gasoline, toluene, the operator did not wear anti -static workwear and anti -static shoes;
39, liquid ammonia and other storage area storage areas were not provided with accident coffee and emergency spray dilution facilities;
40、现场未设置应急喷淋和洗眼设施；rn41、没有防止物料错装措施如乙酸乙酯装入汽油槽罐；rn42、站在汽油桶上电焊；rn43、 Without cleaning, cutting gasoline buckets or welding storage tanks;
44, liquid ammonia, chlorine chlorine storage tanks are super installed;
45, when unloading of tank cars, blocking fire channels and occupation roads;
46 , The receiver leaves the unloading site;
47, the loading and unloading site uses iron, plastic and other tools that are prone to spark;
48, the material storage tank sent to the workshop from the tank area is not operated; r r r
condenser, re -boiling device
1, corrosion, aging pads, etc. caused leaks;
2, the temperature of the material after condensation is too high; N4, there is no protection on the high temperature surface;
5, cooling high temperature liquid (such as 150 ° C), the cooling water in and out of the valve is not opened, or the amount of cooling water is insufficient;
7, the heat exchanger does not consider the shockproof measure, so that the connecting pipeline is loosened and leaked due to vibration;
The pipeline and pipelines
1. The pipeline is installed. R n2, the visual mirror glass is not clean or damaged;
3, the selection of the tinner's material resistance and temperature resistance are not appropriate, depending on Improper installation of the cylinder;
4, the tube is ruptured or used for a long time;
5, the anti -static grounding line is damaged;
6, pipeline, flange or bolt severely corroded, ruptured;
7 , High -temperature pipelines are not warm;
8, leakage controls are made into bending pipes;
9, pipeline materials and flowing identification;
10, pipeline color marks;
11, different during debugging during debugging The material stringing valve is not blindly died;
12, the abandoned pipeline is not cleaned in time;
13, the installation position of the tube valve is low, it is easy to hit the head or difficulty in operation;
14, corrosive material pipelines, flanges, etc. No protective measures are taken at the easy leak;
15, the possibility of water, nitrogen, air, steam, etc. entering the material pipeline;
16, iron barrels or plastic barrels of flammable and explosive materials on the high temperature pipeline;
17, the selection of pipelines or pipe materials is unreasonable and easy to corrode;
18, the glass pipe liquid level does not have protective measures;
19. R n20, stop valve cannot act flexibly or failure;
21, electric valve power outage, pneumatic valve stopping air;
22, use hydrogen and other pressure pipes without regular maintenance or operation;
23 When using the pressure pipeline, the operator is not trained or unlicensed;
24, the maintenance staff does not qualify for repair and transform the pressure pipeline;
25, the quality of the pressure pipeline is inferior to , Welding defects such as unproof thorns;
26, the pressure pipeline did not set up a safety attachment or safety attachment overdue in accordance with regulations;
27, the pressure pipelines have not established files and operating procedures;
28, glass lighter glass The pipes are hit by steel pipes and other steel pipes;
29. After the production process medium is changed, the existing pipe valve is still used without considering material adaptability;
30, connecting nitrogen pipes and air pipes;
31, salt water pipe and cooling Connect water pipes;
The transport pump, vacuum pump
1, pump leakage;
2, abnormal noise;
3, the coupling no protective cover;
4, the pump outlet without pressure pressure Table or stop valve;
5. When the long -term suspension is discontinued, the liquid in the net pump and the pipeline is not placed, causing corrosion or freezing;
6, the volume pump is turned off or the exit valve is closed or the non -loading is not installed safely backflow. Valve;
7, small pump inlet pipe diameter or tube head or more turning;
8, the installation height of the centrifugal pump is higher than the inhalation height;
9, the anti -static belt is not used; Machine
1, filtering solvents, no nitrogen filled or nitrogen pipes blocking or no traffic meter on -site;
2, when a centrifugal machine is filtered with a centrifugal machine, the oxygen meter and alarm device are not installed. ；rn3、快速刹车或用辅助工具（如铁棒等）刹车；rn4、离心机未有效接地；rn5、防爆区内未使用防静电皮带；rn6、 When the centrifuge is running, the vibration is abnormal;
double cone (double cone turns vacuum dryer)
1. No protective fence and safety chain device;
2, personnel climb into the double cone to replace the vacuum bag;
3, the transmission belt is not protected;
4, shaft seal leakage;
5, vacuum pipeline The vacuum valve is not opened when the road is blocked or used;
gas cylinders
1, the gas cylinder does not have a bottle cap, a shockproof ring;
2, the hydrogen steel bottle is transported and stored in summer, there is no shade measure, resulting in exposure to exposure sun exposure ;
3, some gas cylinders exceed the annual inspection period;
4, when the acetylene bottle and oxygen cylinder are used at the same time, the safety distance is not more than five meters; n6, knocking collision cylinders;
7, after the gas cylinder is used, the air pressure is less than 0.05MPa;
8, the gas cylinder and the pipeline connection, and the valve damage; No anti -static device or bad;
10, no anti -anti -down measures at the gas cylinder;
11, the storage venue exists in ditch and dark road;
12, the storage venue is not ventilated or poorly ventilated or corrosive Gas entry;
13, fire extinguishing equipment;
14, acetylene cylinders;
15, the color of the gas cylinder is blurred; Non -explosion -proof electrical or control cabinets are set in the area;
2, the glass of the power distribution room is damaged;
3, there are many miscellaneous objects in the power distribution room; Tube, dust, and corrosive substances cause the electrical equipment in the electrical cabinet to aging, leading to short -circuit accidents;
5, the transformer outdoor sour mist corrosion or solvent penetration or the dust of the dust;
6, control cabinet or transformer cabinet After there are miscellaneous objects such as clothes;
7, the distribution cabinet is too old to produce short circuit;
8, cables close to high -temperature pipelines;
9, racking cable surrounding material pipelines, sewage pipelines, etc. leaked to make corrosion corrosion Sexual material inflow into the cable bridge;
10, buried cables are corroded by groundwater;
11, cable wells, and sewage in the groove severely infiltrated; The aging of the protective sleeve is broken;
14, the cables or steel pipes paved with electrical lines are not strictly blocked by non -combustible materials when passing through the walls or floor holes between different places;
15, random pull activities The exhaust wind causes the cable connector to fall off and leaks;
16, the switch button corresponds to the device bit number identification;
17, there are scattered cables in the workshop; ;
19, open -air motor no protective cover;
20, insufficient lighting on the operation site;
21, equipment and electrical uncompromising Damage and fire;
22, electrical equipment, cable bridges flushing water;
23, explosion -proof vision mirror lamps, lighting light ingot screws loose, leakage;
, static electricity
1, in Easy Easy Burning the explosion, reactor, pipeline, tank, condenser, conveyor pump , French or valves are not grounded or groundless;
2, in the flammable and explosive places, the fans are not grounded, nitrogen filling;
3, exceeding the safety flow rate (V2 u003C0.64/d) transportation Gasoline, toluene, cyclolates and other liquids;
4, the chief pipe of the hydrogen flow rate exceeds 12m/s, and the branch tube exceeds 8m/s;
5, spray gasoline from the high position into the bottom or ground of the tank;
6. When nitrogen is not filled, isopropyl aluminum, magnesium powder, etc. are invested in reactors containing gasoline, toluene and other reactors;
7. Activity;
8. In the flammable and explosive places, use a mop or rag of chemical fiber material to scrub equipment or ground;
9, pour gasoline in plastic barrels; Or mop or steel platform or ground;
11, stainless steel, carbon steel storage tank tank walls are not grounded with welding steel bars or flat steel, and there are no two grounds in more than 50m2;
12. For places of gas, no measures to eliminate electrostatic hazards such as humidification;
13, using plastic pipes or armopene or recycling toluene;
14, transmitting or stirring gasoline with compressed air; Anti -electrostatic slippers are not used in explosion -proof cleaning areas;
16, ground flat steel, roof lightning -proof strip rust and severe corrosion;
17, metal equipment higher than the roof of the roof is not welded with reinforced reinforced bars integrated into lightning strips;
Fourth, production site
1, more raw materials or waste;
2, "running, stealing, dripping, leaking";
3, damage to the insulation layer;
4, lack of effectiveness Protective bar;
5, regular closed fire doors are often opened;
6, operating positions with dust (magnesium powder, zinc powder, etc.) are not cleaned in time; Storage, there are no rainproof measures or waste barrels, waste bags to store at will;
8, fire channel blockage or various pipelines and brackets hinders traffic;
9, fire extinguisher lacks or expired rust or fire bands, fire hydrants Do not meet the fire requirements;
10, there are multiple labels on waste buckets;
11, strong oxidant (hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, etc.) on the wooden frame; ;
13, the steel platform or steel column corrosion is severe;
14, the concentration of the local solvent is exceeded; Large;
17, outdoor steel sheds or roof debris;
18, anti -toxic equipment expires or fails;
19, non -production utensils (food, newspapers, novels) are stored at the production site;
20, lack of summer heatstroke prevention and cooling facilities;
21, outdoor pipe diameter water pipes did not heat up in winter;
22, no emergency shower, eye washing and other sanitary facilities in the workshop; The fireproofer enters the production site;
24, the flammable and explosive field is not installed with a combustible gas alarm or failure;
25 , Reactive kettle, tank, pump, etc. The unprepared equipment bits and names;
26, the large iron door does not have a fixed insertion, once the wind is large, it may make the iron door spark, resulting in danger;
27, warehouse houses The threshold is low. Once an accident occurs, the dangerous goods will overflow;
28, the iron plate and steel pipe of the production site;
. Personnel, on -site operation
1, no job operation records or operating records do not do Complete;
2, suction, irrigation, loading, and not wearing protective supplies;
3, existing phenomena of operators from posts, departure, sleeping, etc. Unaware of the dust mask;
5, fast switching valve;
6, layered kettle, slot bottom valve is not closed after layered; Causes the oil in the water to discharge the sewage tank or the drainage time is too long forgot to turn off the valve;
8, high temperature kettle, the air in the tower;
9, extract catalyst (such as carbon, active nickel, etc.) There are more scattered on the scene;
10, with iron rods, pipelines, materials blocked in the kettle, or use of non -explosion -proof equipment to produce sparks;
11, no ear or earplugs in the noise environment;
12, storage, storage Using grooves over pressure;
13, using flammable and explosive solvents such as gasoline and toluene, no nitrogen replacement is used in kettle and grooves;
14, smoke and dust diffuse, poor ventilation or hypoxia;
15, band with Open the reaction kettle cover;
16, employees have occupational taboos or allergies or exposure to poison for too long;
17, emergency valve or emergency switch are not easy to operate;
18, in flammable and explosive places, Wear nail shoes or high heels, sandals;
, civil construction
1. There are no preventive measures on the upper and lower floors that may spread on the floor (such as flame retardant materials) The processes of the explosion -proof wall and lightweight roof or have not considered sufficient explosion surfaces;
3, insufficient designs of entrances and emergency channels are not enough or blocked or have no obvious signs; Class material corrosion, columns and beams have been severely damaged;
5, when there is strong wind, steel windows can easily fall off;
6, the stairs are too narrow or steep; Direct long -term accumulation of water and oil;
8, passage or workshop, there is no enough space from the top and ceiling;
9, in the case of unknown underground pipeline (water pipe, cable, etc.), excavate the road at will;
10. Use large machinery to dig soil near underground cables, pipelines, etc.;
11. When fire in the ban on fire, the production workshop is not sent to be guarded; The pipeline breaks, leaks, etc.), did not stop the work immediately for emergency treatment;
13, the trench, pits, pools, etc. and the destructive pipelines, no fences and signs, no lighting at night;
14, found soil found soil It is possible to collapse or slide without stopping operations;
15, measures that do not prevent ground jars and empty ponds from floating;
16 When working on the jar and lower ponds, the corresponding approval procedures or failure to implement the requirements of the approval (such as labor insurance supplies, the implementation of the guardian, etc.) to prevent the operation of the prevention measures; Go to the "non -base construction procedures" or do not understand the corresponding possible risks before the operation, start working without the safety measures;
. Production and maintenance
1. When cleaning and maintenance in the container, encounter danger when you encounter danger. In the case, there is no emergency escape from the facilities or measures;
2, the no guardian or guardian of the fire operations will be the new employee or violates the fire;
3, overloaded; Reasonable fixation;
5, unsolved or unwavering protective supplies (helmet, seat belt, etc.);
6, no warning signs or signs have been blurred (such as preventing electric shocks, preventing pendants, etc.);
7. Step on the suspended pipeline or small pipe diameter plastic pipe and glass -lined pipes or use unsafe high -level facilities during maintenance; Crossing;
9, blindly entering the sewage pond, deep ditch, and deep pool operation;
10, the winter pipe rack is frozen, no anti -slip measures; The work has not been trained;
12, directly on the roof of the fragile materials such as asbestos tiles, linoleum, etc.;
13. When operating at a high place, no preventive measures are taken to cross operations; When operating at a high place, the welding machine's neutralization is not received to the welding position;
15. Regional operations that have odors or may produce toxic gases are not wearing anti -toxic masks; , No safety fence or safety net, etc.;
17, the cleaning materials cleaned from the high -level to the lower layer;
18, the mechanical carrier of the manner;
19, no enough lighting at night;
20. When there are strong winds or other severe weather in the sixth level, they are still operating at an open -air high -altitude;
21. During the operation in the kettle, no two or more people outside the kettle; Cut off the power supply and hang the sign of "someone's maintenance and banning the gate";
23, before entering the can, did not effectively clean the kettle;
24, before the can of the can, the combustible gas concentration and oxygen content were not analyzed. There are toxic gases (CO, H2S) concentration;
25, before entering the can, no pipelines such as raw materials, solvent, steam, water, nitrogen, etc. Regular sampling analysis in the kettle;
27, the sign of the obvious position outside the kettle is not hung on the "someone in the tank";
28, the "dual inspection" is not performed when the can in the can; Internal lighting does not meet the safety voltage standards. The voltage is greater than 24V under drying conditions, and the voltage is greater than 12V under humid conditions;
30, the maintenance is completed, and it will be turned on without checking or cleaning the debris. The operation is not rotated;
32, During the maintenance, the necessary ventilation facilities are missing in the kettle;
33, welding on the surface or inner wall of the outer wall of the glass can;
34, entering the glass -lined kettle, not laid the cushion in the groove;
35, fast, fast Heating up or cooling the glass kettle quickly;
36, when using a glass -lined can, the tank mouth or human hole bolts, and the cards fall into the kettle;
37, when using glass liquid kettle, stainless steel kettle, carbon steel kettle,, when The acid liquid enters the jacket;
38, the selected materials have not been reviewed by the temperature, pH, and corrosive solubility, and there may be underwriting special reviews. All spaces such as the on -site high and low levels have not been fully cleared and reviewed, and the trial operation is started;
40. After the maintenance is completed, the relevant matters have not been fully communicated. R n41. Maintenance is not confirmed to be invested in production;
8. Production process
1. There are unexpected reactions, lack of response measures and training; ;
3, improvement process or new process, no safety assessment;
4, process changes have not been strictly reviewed and approved;
5, the process of processes operate within the limit of combustible gas explosion;
6 2. When using high toxic materials, use exposure operations;
7, non -compiled process operation regulations for trial production;
8, material data and safe use of the material used without writing;
9, used in use When the material is decomposed, the heat generated is not detailed;
10, the potential risk of the existence of dust explosion;
11, a certain kind of original auxiliary materials cannot be put in time, the material in the kettle is temporarily dangerous;
12, raw materials or intermediates will cause spontaneous combustion or aggregation or decomposition danger during storage;
13, various parameters (temperature, pressure, etc.) in the process are close to the danger limit; Measures for the rapid discharge of reactions;
15, no measures to prevent sharp reactions and stop sharp reactions.